基于水工模型试验的溢洪道优化设计研究  

Spillway Optimization Design Based on Hydraulic Model Tests

作　　者：史蝶 马晓波 诸亮 李鹏峰 荆海晓[2] SHI Die;MA Xiaobo;ZHU Liang;LI Pengfeng;JING Haixiao(PowerChina-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi’an 710065,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [2]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2025年第1期61-67,共7页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51909211);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2019JQ-744);西安市科技计划项目(23GXFW0050)。

摘　　要：某工程溢洪道轴线与下游河道斜交,挑流鼻坎出口布置在右岸岸坡上,挑流水舌沿溢洪道轴线挑入河道时,存在前缘冲砸右岸岸坡的危险且落水点集中。为解决下游消能问题,本研究建立1∶50动床水工模型,优化溢洪道挑流鼻坎体型,保证泄洪安全,达到消能防冲目的。研究表明,推荐鼻坎泄洪时,上游库区水面平稳,控制段、泄槽段水流平顺,流态良好,未出现不良流态;落水形态在空间呈开口朝左的“C”形,落点基本抛落到河道的中心,冲坑不会明显向对岸发展,能有效避免对右岸岸坡造成直接冲刷。该研究为类似工程挑流消能工型式提供参考。In a certain project,the spillway axis is obliquely aligned with the downstream river channel,and the flip bucket outlet is located on the right bank slope.When the jet flow is discharged along the spillway axis into the river channel,there is a risk of the front edge impacting the right bank slope,with the falling water point being concentrated.To address the downstream energy dissipation challenge,this study established a 1∶50 movable-bed hydraulic model to optimize the shape of the flip bucket,ensur⁃ing flood discharge safety and achieving energy dissipation and erosion control.The study reveals that the water surface in the up⁃stream reservoir area of the recommended scheme is stable,the water flow in the control section and the chute section is smooth,the flow pattern is good,and there is no bad flow pattern.The water jet exhibits a spatially"C"-shaped trajectory with its opening facing left,and the impact point is predominantly centered in the river channel.Scouring pits do not significantly develop toward the opposite bank,effectively avoiding direct erosion of the right bank slope.This study provides a reference for similar projects in⁃volving flip bucket energy dissipation designs.

关 键 词：溢洪道 水工模型 挑流鼻坎 消能防冲 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV131.61[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]