流域水生态安全指标体系构建与评估——以白龙江流域甘南段为例  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Ecological Security in River Basins:Taking the Gannan Section of the Bailong River Basin as an Example

作　　者：刘洋 柴永宁 牛虎林 梁靓 何正枫 LIU Yang;CHAI Yongning;NIU Hulin;LIANG Liang;HE Zhengfeng(The Third Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Gansu Provincial Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau,Lanzhou 730050,China;Gansu Remote Sensing Geological Center,Lanzhou 730050,China;Gansu Resource and Environment Data Application Center of High Resolution Earth Observation System,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质矿产勘查院,兰州730050 [2]甘肃遥感地质中心,兰州730050 [3]高分辨率对地观测系统甘肃资源与环境数据应用中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2025年第1期76-89,共14页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：甘南州白龙江流域水生态安全调查项目(GNJY-ZC-2022-045)。

摘　　要：流域水生态安全评价和水生态质量评价是分析流域生态环境质量现状、发现生态环境问题的重要手段,对流域生态保护、生态修复治理具有重要指导意义。白龙江是长江的二级支流,是嘉陵江重要的水量补给源之一。白龙江流域是甘肃省“三屏四区”生态格局的重要组成部分,生态地位重要。本文构建了一套流域水生态安全评估指标库,并以白龙江流域甘南段为例进行指标选取、定权和评价。通过资料收集、现场采样分析、遥感+地面调查等综合技术手段,获取白龙江流域水生态安全相关基础数据。依托上述数据,全面分析白龙江流域水生态安全现状,结果表明,白龙江流域甘南段社会经济压力很小,人类活动干扰轻微,水体营养结构平衡,河流生态系统服务功能高,生态风险低,水生态总体上处于安全状态。这种构建指标库,通过指标选取、定权进行评估的方法可以针对不同地区、不同等级、不同流量和不同生态功能的河流灵活调整,具有广泛适用性。The evaluation of watershed water ecological security and water ecological quality is an important means to analyze the current situation of watershed ecological environment quality and discover ecological environment problems.It has important guid⁃ing significance for subsequent watershed ecological protection,ecological restoration and governance.The Bailong River is a sec⁃ondary tributary of the Yangtze River and an important source of water supply for the Jialing River.The Bailong River basin is an important component of the ecological pattern of the“Three Screens and Four Zones”in Gansu Province,with an important ecologi⁃cal status.This article constructed a set of watershed water ecological security evaluation index library and took the Gannan section of the Bailong River basin as an example for indicator selection,weighting,and evaluation.Through comprehensive technical means such as data collection,on-site sampling and analysis,remote sensing and ground investigation,basic data related to water ecologi⁃cal security in the Bailong River basin were obtained.Based on the above data,the paper conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of water ecological security in the Bailong River basin.The results show that the social and economic pressure in the Gannan section of the Bailong River basin is very low,with slight human activity interference,balanced water nutrition struc⁃ture,high river ecosystem service function,low ecological risk,and overall safe water ecology.This method of constructing an indi⁃cator library and evaluating it through indicator selection and weighting can be flexibly adjusted for rivers with different regions,levels,flows,and ecological functions,and has broad applicability.

关 键 词：白龙江流域 水生态安全评估 水体理化性质 流域物理栖境 生物完整性指数 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]