不同荷载作用下混凝土重力坝水力劈裂破坏模拟  

Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Failure in Concrete Gravity Dams Under Different Loads

作　　者：王洋 孙金山 王高辉 郑嘉惟 李勇震 WANG Yang;SUN Jinshan;WANG Gaohui;ZHENG Jiawei;LI Yongzhen(State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430056 [2]江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430056 [3]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《人民珠江》2025年第3期1-8,共8页Pearl River

基　　金：江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室、江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022D10);国家自然科学基金(52109164);湖北省博士后创新研究岗位项目(279265)。

摘　　要：针对混凝土重力坝水力劈裂扩展问题进行研究,构建混凝土断裂力学模型,采用黏聚力单元模拟裂缝扩展,建立静、动水力劈裂缝内水压计算方法。分别模拟静水压力、地震荷载和水下爆炸荷载作用下重力坝裂缝扩展过程,由计算结果可知,提出的混凝土重力坝水力劈裂计算模型在静水压力、地震荷载和水下爆炸荷载作用下对裂缝的分布和扩展均具有较好的模拟效果与参考文献结果相近。静水压力作用下重力坝裂缝扩展长度与水头高度正相关;在地震荷载作用下缝内水压力显著促进了裂缝的扩展长度;水下爆炸荷载作用下,冲击波首先在大坝上游坝面造成大面积破坏,随后向坝体下部扩展并集中在大坝中部和坝踵位置。研究成果为混凝土重力坝水力劈裂稳定性分析提供依据,对实际大坝工程中的裂缝控制和坝体安全管理具有重要参考价值。This study investigated the problem of hydraulic fracture propagation in concrete gravity dams.A fracture mechanics model for concrete was constructed,and cohesive force units were used to simulate the propagation of fractures.Methods for calculating water pressure within the hydraulic fractures under static and dynamic conditions were established.The propagation process of fractures in gravity dams under the effects of hydrostatic pressure,seismic loads,and underwater explosion loads was simulated respectively.The results indicate that the hydraulic fracture calculation model for concrete gravity dams proposed in this paper has a good simulation effect on the distribution and propagation of fractures under the effects of hydrostatic pressure,seismic loads,and underwater explosion loads,which is close to the results of reference literature.Under the action of hydrostatic pressure,the propagation length of fractures in the gravity dam is positively correlated with the water head height;under the action of seismic loads,the water pressure inside the fractures significantly promotes the propagation length of the fractures;under the action of underwater explosion loads,the shock wave first causes extensive damage to the upstream dam face and then expands downward and concentrates in the middle and heel of the dam.The research results provide a basis for the stability analysis of hydraulic fractures in concrete gravity dams and have important reference values for fracture control and dam safety management in practical dam engineering.

关 键 词：混凝土重力坝 水力劈裂模拟 静水压力 地震荷载 水下爆炸 

分 类 号：TV31[水利工程—水工结构工程]