利用鹿茸菇菌渣和稻秸秆复配培养料栽培草菇初探  

Preliminary study on cultivating Volvariella volvacea using a compound culture medium of Lyophyllum decastes residues and rice straw

作　　者：董沁 朱龙弟 郭倩[1] 范贤权 孙育红[4] 陈明杰[1] 赵妍[1] DONG Qin;ZHU Longdi;GUO Qian;FAN Xianquan;SUN Yuhong;CHEN Mingjie;ZHAO Yan(Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Zhilei Edible Fungus Cultivation Professional Cooperative,Shanghai 201322,China;Shanghai Fanshun Edible Fungus Professional Cooperative,Shanghai 201317,China;Pudong New District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,上海201403 [2]上海志磊食用菌种植专业合作社,上海201322 [3]上海范顺食用菌专业合作社,上海201317 [4]上海市浦东新区农业技术推广中心,上海200120

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2025年第1期21-29,共9页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科委农业科技领域成果转化与示范应用项目(21N51900500);上海市农委科技创新项目(2020-02-08-00-12-F01479);上海市农业科学院农业科技创新支撑项目(JCYJ231601)。

摘　　要：为探明鹿茸菇菌渣和稻秸秆复配培养料在草菇栽培中的应用前景,将不同比例的鹿茸菇菌渣与稻秸秆进行复配,测定草菇不同生长时期栽培复配培养料的全氮含量、有机碳含量、碳氮比、灰分含量、pH、电导率、含水量以及草菇的农艺性状和产量,筛选出最适培养料配方及其关键影响因素,并分析草菇培养料中的营养成分转化机制。结果表明:配方1、2、3的草菇总产量分别为1.75 kg∕m^(2)、1.24 kg∕m^(2)、0.29 kg∕m^(2),其中配方3的总产量显著低于配方1和2。在栽培周期内,3个配方培养料的全氮和灰分含量均呈升高趋势,碳氮比和含水量呈下降趋势,有机碳、pH和电导率基本保持稳定。根据PLS-DA分析和VIP值的计算结果,发现在整个栽培周期内,含水量和p H均是影响配方之间差异的主要因素;碳氮比在建堆阶段贡献率较大,之后逐渐降低;电导率在栽培初期贡献率较低,在菌丝生长及子实体生长阶段贡献率较高。相关性分析表明:草菇产量与建堆时期的p H,灭菌后的p H、电导率,满菌时期的碳氮比、pH,原基形成时期的灰分含量、电导率、pH以及采收时期的p H均显著相关。利用配方1栽培草菇,可获得较高的产量和经济效益。本研究可为利用农业废弃物栽培草菇的循环菌业生产模式提供理论基础。In order to explore the application prospects ofLyophyllum decastesresidues and rice straw in Volvariella volvaceacultivation,different proportions ofL.decastesresidues and rice straw were mixed.The total nitrogen(TN)content,organic carbon(OC)content,C∕N ratio,ash content,pH,electrical conductivity(EC),water content(WC)and agronomic traits and yield ofV.volvaceawere measured at different growth stages.The optimum formulation was screened,and its key influencing factors and the nutrient conversion mechanism inV.volvaceacultivation were analyzed.The results showed that the total yield ofV.volvaceaof formulation 1,2 and 3was 1.75 kg∕m^(2),1.24 kg∕m^(2)and 0.29 kg∕m^(2),respectively,and the total yield of formulation 3 was significantly lower than those of formulation 1 and 2.During the cultivation period,the total nitrogen content and ash content of the 3 formulations showed an increasing trend,while the C∕N ratio and water content showed a decreasing trend,and the organic carbon content,pH,and EC remained relatively stable.According to PLS-DA analysis and VIP value calculation results,it was found that water content and p H were the main factors affecting the differences between formulations during the whole cultivation period;The contribution rate of C∕N ratio was greater at the build heap stage and gradually decreased thereafter;The contribution rate of EC was less in the early stage of cultivation,but greater in mycelium and fruiting body growth stage.Correlation analysis showed that the yield ofV.volvaceawas significantly correlated with pH at build heap stage,pH and EC after sterilization,C∕N ratio and pH at filling stage,ash content,EC and p H at primordium formation stage,and p H at harvesting stage.Using formulation 1 to cultivateV.volvaceacould achieve higher yields and economic benefits.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the cyclic cultivation model of mushrooms using agricultural waste.

关 键 词：草菇 鹿茸菇菌渣 稻秸秆 营养转化 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]