苍术挥发油提取工艺优化及基于GC-MS的挥发性成分分析  

Optimization of Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Atractylodes lancea and Analysis of Volatile Components Based on GC-MS

作　　者：毛孟可 钟淑梅 陈超群 王心语 何德刚 陈芸 翁端阳 王学奎[1] 舒少华[1] 丰胜求[1] 李凤凤 MAO Mengke;ZHONG Shumei;CHEN Chaoqun;WANG Xinyu;HE Degang;CHEN Yun;WENG Duanyang;WANG Xuekui;SHU Shaohua;FENG Shengqiu;LI Fengfeng(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Sinopharm Zhonglian Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,China;Xiangyang Xinhefeng Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Baokang 441605,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]国药集团中联药业有限公司,湖北武汉430070 [3]襄阳欣禾丰农业有限公司,湖北保康441605

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第3期554-561,共8页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：湖北省科技重大专项(2021ACA004);湖北省第四批现代农业产业技术体系道地药材产业技术体系项目(2023HBSTX4-07)。

摘　　要：目的:优化苍术挥发油的提取工艺及气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测条件,对苍术挥发油组分进行定性定量分析,为其质量控制及开发利用提供方法学参考。方法:采用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取苍术挥发油,以出油率为考察指标,设计单因素试验,并结合正交试验优化提取工艺。建立并优化GC-MS,使挥发油中各组分达到较好的分离效果,并对各组分进行定性定量分析。结果:苍术挥发油最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶6、超声30 min、提取8 h。采用优化后的提取工艺和GC-MS提取并检测采自湖北省郧西县、英山县和河北省承德市3个地区苍术样品的挥发油,结果表明,郧西县产的苍术挥发油中共鉴定出49个挥发性成分,其主要成分及相对质量分数分别为茅苍术醇46.752%、β-桉叶醇39.966%、沉香螺醇3.220%、苍术素1.324%;英山县产的苍术挥发油中共鉴定出60个挥发性成分,其主要成分及相对质量分数分别为茅苍术醇44.684%、β-桉叶醇37.922%、沉香螺醇3.332%、苍术素2.466%;承德市产的苍术挥发油中共鉴定出71个挥发性成分,其主要成分及相对比例分别为β-桉叶醇30.229%、苍术素17.513%、大根香叶烯D 9.060%、茅苍术醇6.752%、苍术酮6.688%。结论:优化后的挥发油提取工艺操作简便、重复性好,可用于苍术挥发油的工业化提取。挥发性成分的定性定量分析结果可为苍术挥发油的开发、生产、利用及药理活性成分研究提供参考。Objective:To optimize the extraction process of volatile oil from Atractylodes lancea and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)detection conditions,and conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components of the volatile oil,providing a methodological reference for quality control and the development and utilization of A.lancea volatile oil.Methods:The volatile oil from A.lancea was extracted using ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation.The oil yield was taken as the index,and a single-factor experiment was designed.The extraction process was further optimized through orthogonal test.GC-MS was established and optimized to achieve optimal separation of each component in the volatile oil,followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of each component.Results:The optimum extraction process for A.lancea volatile oil was as follows:solid-liquid ratio 1:6,ultrasonic time 30 min,extraction time 8 h.Using the optimized extraction process and GC-MS,the volatile oil from A.lancea samples collected from Yunxi county and Yingshan county in Hubei province,and Chengde city in Hebei province,was extracted and analyzed.The results showed that 49 volatile components were identified in the volatile oil from Yunxi county,with the main components and their relative proportions being atractylenol(46.752%),β-eudesmol(39.966%),agarospirol(3.220%),and atractylodin(1.324%).A total of 60 volatile components were identified in the volatile oil from Yingshan county,with the main components and their relative proportions being atractylenol(44.684%),β-eudesmol(37.922%),agarospirol(3.332%),and atractylodin(2.466%).A total of 71 volatile components were identified in the volatile oil from Chengde city,with the main components and their relative proportions beingβ-eudesmol(30.229%),atractylodin(17.513%),germacrene D(9.060%),atractylenol(6.752%),and atractylone(6.688%).Conclusion:The optimized extraction process for volatile oil is simple,reproducible,and suitable for industrial-scale extraction of A.lancea volatile oi

关 键 词：苍术 挥发油 水蒸气蒸馏法 气相色谱-质谱法 

分 类 号：R286[医药卫生—中药学]