近自然栽培模式下不同石斛品种的活性成分分析  

Analysis on Active Components of Different Dendrobium Cultivars under Simulated Wild Cultivation Mode

作　　者：李国荣 万晓丽 杨玉春 龚颖 何霞红 施蕊 LI Guorong;WAN Xiaoli;YANG Yuchun;GONG Ying;HE Xiahong;SHI Rui(College of Landscape and Horticulture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Key Laboratory of Underforest Resources Protection and Utilization of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [3]云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《桉树科技》2025年第1期66-72,共7页Eucalypt Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260720);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21);国家中药材产业技术体系岗位项目(CARS-21-05B);云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090036,202102AE090042);昆明市科技揭榜制项目(2021JH002,GHJD2021014)。

摘　　要：以近自然栽培模式下2年生的铁皮石斛(TB)、玫瑰石斛(MG)和喇叭唇石斛(LB)的茎为研究对象,分析对比其9种活性成分(总黄酮、总糖、多糖、生物碱、纤维素、总酸、总花青素、总蛋白和总脂肪),为不同石斛品种的品质鉴别及资源综合利用提供科学依据。结果表明:不同品种石斛的活性成分存在显著差异。TB的总黄酮、总酸、总糖、纤维素、总脂肪和生物碱含量最高,分别为0.77mg·g^(-1)、1.7 g·kg^(-1)、79.74 mg·g^(-1)、22.18%、0.81 g·100g^(-1)和3.76 mg·g^(-1);MG的多糖和总蛋白含量最高,分别为361.22mg·g^(-1)和3.99 g·100 g^(-1);LB的总花青素含量最高,达到13.34μg·g^(-1)。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,3种石斛的前两个主成分(PC1和PC2)累计贡献率达91.38%,且在平方欧式距离为5时,可将9批样品分为两类。3种石斛的总酸与总黄酮、总糖与总酸、纤维素与总糖、总酸与纤维素、多糖与总蛋白、总黄酮与生物碱等活性成分之间均呈显著正相关。This study investigated active components in stems of 2-year-old Dendrobiumofficinale(TB),D.crepidatum(MG),and D.lituiflorum(LB)grown under simulated wild cultivation mode.Nine active components-total flavonoids,total sugars,polysaccharides,alkaloids,cellulose,total acids,total anthocyanins,crude protein,and total fat-were analyzed and compared to provide a scientific foundation for the quality assessment and comprehensive utilization of these Dendrobium species.Results showed significant differences in active components across species.TB had the highest levels of total flavonoids(0.77 mg·g^(-1)),total acids(1.7 g·kg^(-1)),total sugars(79.74 mg·g^(-1)),cellulose(22.18%),total fat(0.81 g·100g^(-1)),and alkaloids(3.76 mg·g^(-1)).MG had the highest polysaccharide content(361.22 mg·g‒1)and crude protein(3.99 g·100g^(-1)),while LB had the highest total anthocyanins content(13.34μg·g^(-1)).Principal Component Analysis(PCA)revealed that the first two principal components(PC1 and PC2)explained 91.38%of the total variance,categorizing nine samples into two distinct groups when squared Euclidean distance was set at 5.Additionally,six pairs of active components-total acids and total flavonoids,total sugars and total acids,cellulose and total sugars,total acids and cellulose,polysaccharides and crude protein,total flavonoids and alkaloids-showed significant positive correlations.

关 键 词：石斛 野生栽培 活性成分 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]