网络诽谤犯罪的追诉模式研究——以诉权配置为视角  

Study on Prosecution Mode of Network Defamation Crime from the Perspective of Right of Action Allocation

作　　者：钱文杰 陈飞翔 QIAN Wen-jie;CHEN Fei-xiang

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学沈钧儒法学院 [2]杭州师范大学诉讼法研究中心 [3]杭州师范大学沈钧儒法学院诉讼法研究中心

出　　处：《江苏警官学院学报》2024年第6期15-23,共9页Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“公民法治素养理论建构及其提升路径研究”(22VRC110);杭州市哲学社会科学重点研究基地杭州师范大学枫桥经验与法治建设研究中心研究项目“杭州检察e站建设中的‘民生行动’研究”(24JD063)。

摘　　要：诉权是开启司法程序的钥匙,合理的诉权配置构成了司法解决纠纷、追诉犯罪的关键。针对网络诽谤犯罪,我国采取的“自诉为主,公诉为辅”的追诉模式,隐含着一种《刑法》上“告诉才处理”与《刑事诉讼法》上“向法院自诉才审理”的紧张关系。基于实证研究发现,网络诽谤犯罪的追诉当中呈现出自诉案件数量远超公诉案件、公诉案件的定罪率远超自诉案件以及自诉案件的裁判结果多以不予受理为主等状况。与此相应,诉权配置之下自诉门槛过高、自诉人取证困难以及公诉权难以介入等弊端凸显,研究建议进行“公诉为主,自诉为辅”的追诉模式调整,以增强互联网时代积极型司法的回应性。The right to sue is key to initiating judicial procedures,and a reasonable allocation of the right to sue constitutes the core of resolving disputes and prosecuting crimes through the judicial system.Regarding the crime of online defamation,China adopts a prosecution model that prioritizes private prosecution with public prosecution as a secondary option,which implies a tension between the"only prosecuted upon complaint"stipulated in the Criminal Law and the"only tried upon private prosecution"in the Criminal Procedure Law.Based on empirical research,it is found that in the prosecution of online defamation crimes,there are significantly more private prosecution cases than public prosecution cases,the conviction rate of public prosecution cases is much higher than that of private prosecution cases,and the majority of private prosecution cases are not accepted for trial.Correspondingly,the drawbacks of the current allocation of the right to sue,such as high thresholds for private prosecution,difficulties for private prosecutors in obtaining evidence,and the difficulty for public prosecution to intervene,have become prominent.The study suggests adjusting the prosecution model to prioritize public prosecution with private prosecution as a secondary option to enhance the responsiveness of proactive judicial measures in the Internet era.

关 键 词：亲告罪 网络诽谤 追诉模式 诉权配置 自诉转公诉 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]