生物炭施用对冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Biochar Application on Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：党洪阳 胡斌 冯宏亮 朱士民 李美贺 杜中南 周佳宇 DANG Hongyang;HU Bin;FENG Hongliang;ZHU Shimin;LI Meihe;DU Zhongnan;ZHOU Jiayu(Changshan Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Changshan,Zhejiang 324000,China;Zhejiang Geological Prospecting Institute,China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]常山县农业农村局,浙江常山324200 [2]中化地质矿山总局浙江地质勘查院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《作物研究》2025年第1期16-22,共7页Crop Research

摘　　要：为了探究生物炭施用对冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响,以山东济南冬小麦种植田作为试验地点,设置5个面积为30 m2的试验区,在确保各试验区化肥施用量相同的条件下,再分别施入0、0.2、5.0、10.0和20.0 t/hm^(2)生物炭,对各处理小麦拔节期、开花期、成熟期不同深度土层的土壤养分和小麦产量进行比较分析。结果表明:施用生物炭后,冬小麦种植区0~100 cm土层内的土壤有效态养分含量和养分累积量显著提高;生物炭施用量为5.0 t/hm^(2)的处理,土壤养分的提升和冬小麦产量的增加效果最为显著,冬小麦有效穗数、粒质量、总产量均最高。施用生物炭的试验区土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量明显高于不施生物炭的处理。综合分析,施用生物炭有助于提升土壤养分含量和提高冬小麦产量,本试验条件下,施用5.0 t/hm^(2)生物炭最为合适。In order to investigate the effects of biochar application on winter wheat yield and soil nutrients,a winter wheat planting field in a certain area was selected as the experimental site,and five experimental areas with an area of 30 m2 were divided to ensure the same amount of fertilizer application in each area.Then,biochar was applied at 0,0.2,5.0,10.0,and 20.0 t/hm^(2),respectively,to compare and analyze soil nutrients and wheat yield at different depths during the jointing stage,flowering stage,and maturity stage of wheat under different treatments.The results showed that the application of bio-char significantly increased the available nutrient content and nutrient accumulation in the 0-100 cm soil layer of winter wheat planting areas.The treatment with a biochar application rate of 5.0 t/hm^(2) showed the most significant improvement in soil nutrients and winter wheat yield,with the highest effective number of spikes,grain quality,and total yield of winter wheat.The contents of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of the experimental area applying biochar were significantly higher than those without biochar application.Based on comprehen-sive analysis,the application of biochar can help improve soil nutrient content and increase winter wheat yield.Under the conditions of this experiment,the most suitable biochar application amount is 5.0 t/hm^(2).

关 键 词：冬小麦 生物炭 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.06[农业科学—作物学]