种植规模对衡阳烤烟上部鲜叶素质及烤后烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of Planting Scale on the Quality of Fresh Upper Tobacco Leaves and the Quality Cured Leaf in Hengyang

作　　者：刘国定 周劲东 陈智杰 冯靖轩 范才银 宋浩 罗文涛 穰中文[1] LIU Guoding;ZHOU Jindong;CHEN Zhijie;FENG Jingxuan;FAN Caiyin;SONG Hao;LUO Wentao;RANG Zhongwen(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hengyang Branch,Hunan Tobacco Corporation,Hengyang,Hunan 421001,China;China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421001 [3]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《作物研究》2025年第1期58-67,共10页Crop Research

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司科技项目(HYYC2023KJ02)。

摘　　要：在湖南省衡阳市常宁烟区,以不同种植规模农户(大户,种植面积>3.33 hm^(2);小户,种植面积<1.33 hm^(2))采收的云烟87上部成熟烟叶为材料,比较分析不同种植规模条件下鲜烟叶的素质特征差异及其与烤后烟叶品质的关系,为优化衡阳烟区的烟叶生产管理提供参考。研究表明:小户种植的烤烟具有更好的鲜叶素质,鲜叶自由水含量、自由水/束缚水、叶片紧密度分别较大户低10.12%、19.83%和5.88%;大户种植的鲜烟叶碳氮代谢相关酶活性显著高于小户,蔗糖转化酶、蔗糖合成酶、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性分别较小户高9.67%、9.87%、12.30%和18.19%;小户的烤后烟叶叶片密度较大户显著降低14.29%,烟叶糖碱比更为适宜(小户7.02,大户5.94),烟叶化学成分更协调。典型相关分析表明,鲜烟叶的组织结构和水分含量状况与烤后烟叶的物理特性和化学成分密切相关,自由水含量与叶片密度和叶片厚度显著正相关,束缚水含量与叶片密度负相关,栅栏组织厚度与总糖、还原糖含量负相关,栅栏组织厚度与烟碱含量正相关。因此,针对不同种植规模的农户采取差异化的管理措施对提升衡阳烟区上部烟叶的成熟度具有重要意义。In Changning Tobacco Area,Hengyang City,Hunan Province,the mature tobacco leaves of the upper part of Yun-yan 87 harvested by farmers of different planting scales(large households,planting area>3.33 hm^(2);small households,planting area<1.33 hm^(2))were used as materials to compare and analyze the differences in quality characteristics of fresh tobacco leaves under different planting scales and their relationship with the quality of cured tobacco leaves,providing re-ference for optimizing tobacco production and management in Hengyang Tobacco Area.The research result shows that,the upper fresh tobacco leaves of small households have better fresh leaf quality.The free water content,free water/bound wa-ter,and leaf tightness of fresh leaves are 10.12%,19.83%and 5.88%lower than those of large households,respectively.The activities of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in fresh tobacco leaves of large households are sig-nificantly higher than those of small households,and the activities of sucrose invertase,sucrose synthase,nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase are 9.67%,9.87%,12.30%and 18.19%higher than those of small households,respectively.The leaf density of cured tobacco leaves in small households was significantly reduced by 14.29%,the sugar-alkali ratio of to-bacco leaves was more suitable(7.02 for small households,5.94 for large households),and the chemical compositions of tobacco leaves were more coordinated.Canonical correlation analysis showed that the tissue structure and water content of fresh tobacco leaves were closely related to the physical characteristics and chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves.Free water content was significantly positively correlated with leaf density and leaf thickness,bound water content was nega-tively correlated with leaf density,palisade tissue thickness was negatively correlated with total sugar and reducing sugar content,and palisade tissue thickness was positively correlated with nicotine content.Therefore,adopting differentiated management measur

关 键 词：烤烟 种植规模 上部叶 鲜烟素质 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S572.04[农业科学—烟草工业]