土地革命战争时期中共基层武装的组建与演进——以大别山区便衣队为中心  

The Establishment and Evolution of the Grassroots Armed Forces of the Communist Party of China During the Agrarian Revolutionary War as Centered on the Plain-clothes Detachments in the Dabie Mountain Area

作　　者：贾牧耕 JIA Mugeng(School of History,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》2025年第2期28-41,共14页Journal of Ningbo University:Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中共政策转变与大别山区红军的武装整合研究(1927—1939)”(23BDJ080);安徽省研究生教育教学改革研究项目“历史学田野调查法在研究生党史国史研究中的应用与实践”(2022jyjxggyj108)。

摘　　要：1933—1937年活动于大别山区的便衣队是中共鄂豫皖根据地的重要基层武装。便衣队上承大革命及土地革命初期的摸瓜队,下启抗日战争时期的敌后武工队,在中共武装建制历程中发挥重要作用。大革命前后,大别山区革命知识分子建立摸瓜队等“小组织”,奠定便衣队形成基础。1932年,国民党第四次“围剿”后,鄂豫皖省委调整政策,发展游击战争,促成便衣队确立。1934—1936年游击战争前期,在鄂豫皖边区领导人忽视对便衣队指导的情况下,便衣队发挥自身能动性,在组织建设与工作策略等方面取得一系列进展。1936—1937年,高敬亭注意到便衣队的组织作用,他总结、推广便衣队在自发活动中获得的生存与发展经验,将便衣队打造为红二十八军外的“第二个拳头”,为中共坚持大别山区“红旗不倒”作出重大贡献。便衣队分散的游击方式、“人民战争”的组织模式、统一战线的工作方法,展现战时中共基层武装组织原则与行动逻辑,形塑革命战争年代中共生存与抗争方式,为解决地方革命可持续性问题提供宝贵经验。From 1933 to 1937,the plain-clothes detachments active in the Dabie Mountains area were important grassroots armed forces of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The detachments inherited from the“Melon-hunting Teams”in the early days of the Great Revolution and the Agrarian Revolution War and inspired the armed working teams behind enemy lines during the anti-Japanese War.They played a pivotal role in the process of the armed establishment of the CPC.Before and after the Great Revolution,revolutionary intellectuals in the Dabie Mountain area established“small organizations”such as the Melon-hunting Teams,which laid the foundation for the formation of plain-clothes detachments.After the Kuomintang’s fourth encirclement and suppression campaign in 1932,the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Provincial Committee of CPC adjusted its policies and develop guerrilla warfare,which contributed to the establishment of the detachments.From 1934 to 1936,in the initial stage of guerrilla warfare,the detachments gave full play to their own initiative and made a series of progress in organizational construction and work strategies despite the neglection by the leaders of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui.From 1936 to 1937,Gao Jingting noticed the organizational role of the plain-clothes detachments.He summarized and popularized their survival strategies and developments formed in their spontaneous activities and built them into“the second fist”besides the 28th Red Army.They made significant contributions to the CPC’s persistence in keeping the revolutionary flag flying in the Dabie Mountain area.The decentralized guerrilla tactics,the organizational model of“people’s war”and the working methods employed by the plain-clothes detachments demonstrated the organizational principles and operational logic of CPC grassroots armed forces during wartime.They shaped the ways of survival and resistance of CPC during revolutionary conflicts,and provided valuable experience for solving the problems of the sustainab

关 键 词：中国共产党 便衣队 红二十八军 高敬亭 大别山区 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]