敦煌佛爷庙湾发现翟氏解注文考  

A Textual Research of the Tomb-guarding Texts of the Zhai Family Discovered in the Foye Temple Bay Area of Dunhuang

作　　者：钱彦惠[1] QIAN Yanhui(Faculty of Humanities and Media,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》2025年第2期122-132,共11页Journal of Ningbo University:Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目“浙江汉六朝商业的考古学研究”(25NDJC038YB)。

摘　　要：敦煌佛爷庙湾一带已发现的三例翟氏解注文是魏晋十六国时期镇墓文的典型代表,通过对其内容的考释和同类资料的对比研究,发现西晋、前凉时期敦煌地区解注文继承了东汉以来解“句校”的观念,这与《太平经》中解除“承负说”一致。镇墓文中东汉流行的解“重复”和这一时期普遍存在的“解注”思想并存,两者在意义上有相通性。从内容上看,西晋时期解注文中“注”的内容进一步增加,其功能更多关注“解注”,而非“镇墓”。翟兴伯解注文和翟宗盈墓的发现表明,翟氏家族早在建兴七年就已安居敦煌,到翟宗盈时敦煌翟氏已成为大族。这一支翟氏很可能属于浔阳翟氏,五斗米道(天师道)或为他们的家族信仰。The three examples of Zhai family’s Exorcism Texts discovered in the Foye Temple Bay area of Dunhuang are typical representatives of the Tomb-Guarding Texts from the Wei,Jin,and Sixteen Kingdoms periods.Through the textual research on their contents and the comparative study of similar materials,it is found that the Exorcism Texts in the Dunhuang area during the Western Jin and Former Liang periods inherited the concept of relieving“juxiao”(a form of spiritual affliction)since the Eastern Han Dynasty,which is consistent with the idea of relieving the“burden-inheritance theory”in Taiping Jing.In the Tomb-Guarding Texts,the concept of relieving“chongfu”(repetition,also related to spiritual afflictions)popular in the Eastern Han Dynasty coexisted with the prevalent“exorcism of afflictions”ideology of this period,and the two concepts are similar in meaning.In terms of content,the content related to“afflictions”in the Exorcism Texts of the Western Jin Dynasty increased further,and their function focused more on“exorcising afflictions”rather than“guarding the tomb”.The discovery of the Exorcism Text of Zhai Xingbo and the tomb of Zhai Zongying indicates that by the seventh year of Jianxing,the Zhai family had already settled in Dunhuang,and by the time of Zhai Zongying,the Zhai family in Dunhuang had become a prominent clan.This branch of the Zhai family was probably from the Xunyang Zhai clan,and the Wudoumi Dao(Tianshi Dao)might have been their family’s religious belief.

关 键 词：敦煌佛爷庙湾 前凉 翟氏家族 镇墓文 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]