刑法视野中“虚假信息”之界定  

The Recognition of“False Information”in the Context of Criminal Law

作　　者：魏琪 WEI Qi(Osaka University,Osaka 5650871,Japan)

机构地区：[1]日本大阪大学,日本大阪5650871

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2025年第1期50-59,共10页Journal of Beijing Police College

基　　金：中国国家留学基金资助(项目编号:留金欧[2024]52号)。

摘　　要：随着信息传播技术的发展,层出不穷的虚假信息已成为刑法治理的一大挑战。在司法实践中,由于虚假信息的内涵及范围不明确,导致类似案件可能面临不同的法律定性。对此,刑法视野中的“虚假信息”应指与客观事实不符合的信息,须具备虚假性、误导性和具体性三个特点。可以从信息内容与客观基础事实之间的偏差程度以及此偏差是否会导致他人产生错误认识的角度,来建构对虚假信息的识别标准。同时,应基于“事实与观点二分法”将单纯的求证、质疑性信息以及情绪表达型过激言论排除在外,审慎运用刑法手段规制网络失范言论,以实现刑法法益保护机能与人权保障机能之平衡。With the development of information dissemination technology,the proliferation of false information has become a significant challenge in cyberspace governance.In judicial practice,homogeneous cases may face different legal characterizations due to the ambiguous definition and scope of false information.In this regard,“false information”in the perspective of criminal law should be defined as information inconsistent with objective facts and possessing three characteristics:falsity,misleading nature,and specificity.The criteria for identifying false information can be established by assessing the degree of deviation between the information and objective basic facts,and whether such deviation is likely to mislead others.Meanwhile based on“the fact/opinion dichotomy”,simple evidence-seeking,questioning information,and emotionally expressive radical speech should be excluded.Cautiously use criminal law measures to regulate anomalous speech on networks,to achieve a balance between the function of legal interest protection and that of freedom guaranteed within criminal law.

关 键 词：虚假信息 网络谣言 网络空间 言论自由 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]