车内异味识别及溯源方法研究  

Research on the Methods for Identification and Traceability of Vehicle Odors

作　　者：赵军霞[1] 何海峰[1] 江楠[1] 孟洁 韩萌 范雅轩 ZHAO Junxia;HE Haifeng;JIANG Nan;MENG Jie;HAN Meng;FAN Yaxuan(China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122,China;Tianjin Institute of Ecological Environmental Science,Tianjin 300191,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆401122 [2]天津市生态环境科学研究院,天津300191 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2024年第S1期113-120,共8页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司科研项目(0001KTCP20230360-01、0001KTCP20230360-03)。

摘　　要：基于气相色谱/质谱联用仪-嗅辨仪(GC-MS-O)和气味活度值(OAV)方法对某轿车车内异味进行识别及溯源,研究了整车在常温、光照、通风环境模式下典型VOCs和主要气味物质,同时对车内顶棚、B柱立面饰板、主/副仪表板总成等关键风险零部件中的VOCs、异味物质、气味强度进行测试分析。结果表明,除丙烯醛和苯外,车内典型VOCs在光照模式下的释放水平比常温模式下增加5倍以上,通风模式与常温模式相比,没有明显变化;车内气味特性基本呈现皮革、发泡与橡胶混合气味;该轿车内异味贡献较大的零部件有B柱立面饰板、座椅总成、副仪表板;零部件的主要气味化学物质基本与整车检测出的物质匹配,OAV法和GC-MS-O结合在整车气味溯源方面与嗅辨员感官评价结果具有较好的一致性。The paper identified and traced the source of odors inside a sedan using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometer(GC-MS-O)and odor activity value(OAV)methods.The paper examined the typical VOCs and key odor substances in the vehicle under conditions of normal temperature,light exposure and ventilation.It also tested and analyzed the VOCs,odor substances and odor intensity in critical components such as the interior ceiling,B-pillar trim,and main/auxiliary instrument panel assemblies.The results show that except for acrolein and benzene,the emission levels of typical VOCs in the car cabin increase by over 5 times under light exposure compared to the normal temperature mode.However,the ventilation mode shows no significant difference from the normal temperature mode.The odor inside the car mainly features a blend of leather,foam and rubber.The key components contributing to the noticeable odors are the B-pillar trim,seat assembly,and sub-instrument panel.The main odor-causing chemicals in these parts basically match the substances detected in the cabin air of the entire vehicle.The results of combining the OAV method with GC-MS-O show good agreement with the sensory evaluations conducted by olfactory assessors in tracing vehicle odors.

关 键 词：VOCS 异味 溯源 嗅辨仪 气味活度值 

分 类 号：X820.6[环境科学与工程—环境工程]