中东地区荒漠化问题及其防治路径  

Desertification in the Middle East and Strategies for Its Prevention

作　　者：钟艳萍[1] ZHONG Yanping(School of Marxism,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028043,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学马克思主义学院,内蒙古通辽028043

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期67-80,共14页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“殖民主义与现代中东政治发展关系研究”(项目编号:21XSS005);国家社会科学基金一般项目“殖民统治时期阿尔及利亚社会变迁研究”(项目编号:23BSS061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中东地区是世界上受荒漠化问题影响较为严重的地区之一,而荒漠化问题也成为近几十年来中东国家经济和社会发展的主要障碍。中东地区的荒漠化问题具有较为复杂的成因。气候变化加重了中东地区生态环境的脆弱性,水资源匮乏、海平面上升和风蚀风险加剧等引发土地退化和荒漠化。人类社会的城市化对农耕地的占用、人口增长等因素导致的自然资源过度开发、地区冲突和战争引起的土壤退化成为该地区荒漠化问题的现实动因。中东国家积极参与荒漠化全球治理,为区域合作搭建平台,并通过制定独立的荒漠化防治策略,有效地推动了该地区荒漠化预防、荒漠化土地修复和荒漠资源开发,但总体来看,中东地区的荒漠化防治并未取得明显进展,这主要表现为区域合作水平不高,防治资源有限,缺乏合理规划,防治技术不足和立法存在缺陷等。当然,中东地区的荒漠化也积累了一些较为成功的经验,使荒漠化防治与该地区传统生态文化、社会经济发展和自然资源利用开发相结合,对具有相似生态条件国家的荒漠化防治具有一定的参考价值。The Middle East is one of the regions most severely affected by desertification,which has become a major impediment to the economic and social development of Middle Eastern countries in recent decades.The causes of desertification in this region are highly complex.Climate change has exacerbated the ecological fragility of the Middle East,with water scarcity,rising sea levels,and intensified wind erosion accelerating land degradation.Additionally,human activities such as urban expansion into arable land,population-driven over-exploitation of natural resources,and soil degradation caused by regional conflicts and wars further aggravate the problem.In response,Middle Eastern countries have actively engaged in global desertification governance by establishing regional cooperation platforms and formulating independent strategies for desertification prevention,land restoration,and sustainable resource development.However,overall progress remains limited due to insufficient regional collaboration,resource constraints,inadequate planning,technological gaps,and legislative deficiencies.Nevertheless,the region has accumulated valuable experience in integrating desertification control with traditional ecological knowledge,socio-economic development,and resource utilization.These insights provide useful references for countries facing similar ecological challenges.

关 键 词：中东 荒漠化 “绿色中东倡议” 《联合国防治荒漠化公约》 

分 类 号：D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]