古希腊历史叙述中的重装步兵与雅典政制的探讨——以中产农民为中心  

An Exploration of Hoplites and the Athenian Political System in Ancient Greek Historical Narratives:Focusing on Middle-Class Peasants

作　　者：杨波 YANG Bo(School of History and Culture,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期95-105,共11页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金后期资助暨优秀博士论文项目“神谕与希罗多德的叙事”(项目编号:20FSSB001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在古希腊城邦制度下,以土地所有权为纽带,农民、公民与战士三位一体。古风时期中产农民在军事实践中结成重装步兵方阵,成为城邦军事力量的核心,与之相伴的是该群体日益牢固的公民地位和政治影响力。古典时期的希腊作家相信农民是优秀的战士,他们通过短暂、带有决斗和竞赛性质的重装步兵方阵对抗分出胜负。然而,这种作战模式无法适应日益增长的战事频率和逐渐扩大的战争规模。以伯罗奔尼撒战争为转折点,重装步兵不再主导战场,中产农民与战士两种身份呈分化趋势,在政治参与层面与无地或少地的下层公民合流,推动雅典民主制规范化、专业化的同时也冲击着传统城邦政制框架。In the context of the ancient Greek polis system,land ownership served as the fundamental link between peasants,citizens,and warriors.During the Archaic period,middle-class peasants formed hoplite phalanxes through military practice,becoming the backbone of polis military power.This development was accompanied by their growing civic status and increasing political influence.Greek writers of the Classical period regarded peasants as excellent warriors who determined victory or defeat through hoplite battles,which were brief and characterized by elements of dueling and competition.However,this mode of warfare proved inadequate in adapting to the increasing frequency and expanding scale of conflicts.The Peloponnesian War marked a turning point,as hoplites ceased to dominate the battlefield.Consequently,the dual identities of“middle-class peasant”and“warrior”began to diverge.In terms of political participation,these peasants increasingly aligned with the lower classes of landless or landpoor citizens.This shift not only facilitated the institutionalization and professionalization of Athenian democracy but also challenged the traditional framework of the polis political system.

关 键 词：重装步兵 中产农民 雅典民主政治 

分 类 号：K545.2[历史地理—历史学]