河南省信阳市实施2剂次麻腮风疫苗免疫策略前后流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征比较  

Comparison of epidemiological characteristics of mumps incidence before and after the implementation of two-dose MMR immunization strategy in Xinyang,Henan Province

作　　者：陈诗诗 赵国华[1] 何爱华 CHEN Shishi;ZHAO Guohua;HE Aihua(Xinyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市疾病预防控制中心,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2025年第2期116-119,共4页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的 分析信阳市实施2剂次麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(MMR)免疫策略前后流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行特征变化,为制定有效地预防和控制策略提供科学依据。方法 利用描述流行病学方法,分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集的信阳市2014-2023年流腮数据,比较2剂次MMR免疫策略实施前(2014—2018年)、实施后(2019—2023年)信阳市流腮发病趋势。结果 2014—2023年,信阳市共报告流腮病例7 996例,年均报告发病率15.20/10万。0~<15岁儿童和青少年占89.62%(7 166/7 996),男女病例比为1.72∶1。2剂次MMR免疫策略实施后与实施前相比,0~<5岁、5~<10岁和10~<15岁年龄组的发病率分别下降49.61%、83.22%、85.90%,男性、女性发病率分别下降78.26%、75.50%;年均报告发病率从24.75/10万下降到5.60/10万(χ^(2)=3 171.626,P<0.05);从明显的季节性改变为无季节性;中心城区发病率由39.57/10万下降到10.40/10万,远郊区县由20.05/10万下降到3.70/10万。结论 信阳市实施两剂次MMR免疫策略后流腮发病率显著下降,消除了季节性高峰;受影响人群的特征发生了改变,建议加强对0~<15岁,尤其是城市地区该年龄组人群的防控措施。Objective To provide a scientific basis for developing effective mumps prevention and control strategies by analyzing the epidemiological changes in Xinyang City following the implementation of two-dose measles-mumps-rubella(MMR)immunization strategy. Methods The analysis utilized descriptive epidemiological methods on data from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, examining the mumps incidence trends in Xinyang City before the implementation of two-dose MMR immunization strategy(from 2014 to 2018) and after the impiementation of the strategy(from 2019 to 2023).Results From 2014 to 2023, a total of 7 996 mumps cases were reported in Xinyang City, with an annual incidence rate of15.20/105, children and adolescents aged 0-<15 accounted for 89.62%(7 166/7 996), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.72∶1. The incidence rate decreased by 49.61%, 83.22%, and 85.90% in the age groups of 0-<5, 5-<10, and 10-<15, respectively, after implementation of two-dose MMR immunization strategy, annual incidence rates for males and females decreased by 78.26% and75.50%, respectively. Reported annual incidence rates fell from 24.75/105to 5.60//105after the implementation of the two-dose strategy( χ^(2)=3171.626,P <0.05), shifting from seasonal to a non-seasonal pattern. The urban areas' incidence fell from39.57/105to 10.40/105, while suburban counties saw a decrease from 20.05/105to 3.70/105. Conclusions The implementation of two-dose MMR immunization strategy significantly reduced mumps incidence in Xinyang City, eliminating distinct seasonal peaks. The characteristics of the affected populations changed, highlighting the need for enhanced prevention measures targeting those aged 0-<15 years, particularly in urban areas.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 麻腮风疫苗 流行特征 免疫策略 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]