数字身份:形态类型、管理逻辑与发展趋势  

Digital Identity Management:Form Types,Management Logic,and Development Trends

作　　者：张楠迪扬 朱弋天 ZHANG Nandiyang;ZHU Yitian

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2025年第2期46-58,共13页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字技术赋能公共服务高质量发展研究”(21&ZD125)。

摘　　要：数字身份是个体与数字世界互动的基本凭证,其概念包含技术手段和实体表征两个核心维度。20世纪60年代末期以来,数字身份的表现形式向丰富化演进,与实体身份的联结日益紧密。数字身份具有区别于实体身份的独特数字化属性,可根据身份可变程度、认证方式、身份来源等标准划分为不同类型。现有数字身份管理主要围绕技术、伦理和治理三重逻辑展开。技术逻辑探究以技术发展促进管理模式更新,呈现出由中心化向去中心化模式演进的趋势;伦理逻辑关注以数字身份管理回应数字空间的新型伦理困境,以身份隐私、身份公平与身份认同为核心议题;治理逻辑强调以数字身份管理赋能政府治理,激发数字身份的正面价值,助力政府数字化转型与治理体系的完善提升。面向未来,数字身份管理将面临模式选择、能力建设和制度设计三大挑战,如何迎接和应对这些挑战,是数字身份管理亟待回答的问题。Digital identity,as the basic credential for individuals to interact with the digital world,concep-tually encompasses two core dimensions:technological means and substantive characteristics.Since the late 1960s,digital identity has evolved into more diverse forms,and has become increasingly interconnected with substantive identity.Digital identity possesses unique digital attributes that are different from substan-tive identity,and can be categorized into different types according to the degree of identity variability,au-thentication method,and identity source.The existing research and practice of digital identity management mainly focus on the three logics,i.e.technology,ethics,and governance.The logic of technology explores promoting the updating of management models with technological development,which shows a trend of evo-lution from centralized to decentralized models;The logic of ethics focuses on the new ethical dilemma of digital identity management in response to digital space,which takes identity privacy,identity fairness,and identity recognition as the core issues;The logic of governance emphasizes empowering government gover-nance with digital identity management,which stimulates the positive value of digital identity and facilitates the government’s digital transformation and the improvement of governance system.Looking ahead,digital identity management will face three major challenges:model selection,capacity building,and system de-sign.How to meet and address these challenges is an urgent question for digital identity management.

关 键 词：数字身份 管理模式 技术赋能 伦理困境 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]