老龄社会及其治理面临的认知挑战与应对  

Dual Cognitive Biases in Aging Society Governance:Challenges and Responses

作　　者：王伟进[1] 陆杰华 WANG Weijin;LU Jiehua

机构地区：[1]国务院发展研究中心公共管理与人力资源研究所,北京100010 [2]北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2025年第2期98-108,共11页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国人口长期均衡发展关键问题研究”(22JJD840001)。

摘　　要：老龄社会治理首先需要厘清老龄社会普遍存在的老年人“负担”论、老年就业“挤兑”论、老龄化“抑制”创新论、老龄社会代际“冲突”论等常见有关老龄社会的认知偏误。研究表明,老龄化并不只带来医疗、照护、养老等公共服务负担,也可通过发展银发经济等形成“长寿红利”。积极开发老年人力资源是积极应对人口老龄化的重要国际经验,并不必然大幅“挤兑”年轻人就业。人口老龄化对技术创新的影响没有确定结论,需要考虑发展阶段、创新类型、创新主体等因素。人口老龄化可能经由公共服务资源配置、公共决策倾向、价值观分歧等带来潜在的代际冲突,但这可通过社会共治机制和公共政策调节得以避免。同时,老龄社会治理本身还面临政府单一主体论、主管部门单一责任论、老年人单一利益相关者论、数字技术无关论等认知偏误挑战。积极应对老龄社会和老龄社会治理的认知挑战,需要党委、政府、社会和全民共同参与。The common cognitive errors of aging society prevalent in an aging society should be clarified first in aging society governance,such as the idea that elderly individuals are regarded as a“burden”,the idea that the elderly employment“crowds out”the youth employment,the idea that aging“hinders”innova-tion,and the idea that there are intergenerational“conflicts”in an aging society.Research shows that aging not only brings burdens on public services such as medical care,nursing care,and old-age care,but also forms a“longevity dividend”through the development of the silver economy.Actively developing elderly hu-man resource is an important international experience to proactively respond to population aging,and pro-moting the elderly employment does not necessarily“crowds out”the youth employment on a large scale.There is no definite conclusion on the impact of population aging on technological innovation,and factors such as development stages,innovation types,and innovation subjects need to be considered.Population ag-ing may bring about potential intergenerational conflicts through public service resource allocation,public decision-making tendency,and divergent values,but these conflicts can be avoided through social co-gov-ernance mechanisms and public policy adjustment.Meanwhile,aging society governance itself also faces cognitive challenges such as the view of government as a single subject,the view of competent departments with exclusive responsibility,the view of the elderly as single stakeholders,and the view that digital technol-ogy is irrelevant.A response to the cognitive errors of aging society and of aging society governance requires a joint participation of the Party committee,the government,the society,and the whole people.

关 键 词：老龄社会 老龄社会治理 人口老龄化 “长寿红利” 社会治理现代化 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]