基于DUS测试性状的207份冬瓜种质遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of 207 wax gourd germplasm resources based on DUS test traits

作　　者：丁成芸 殷纪伟 武星廷 冯艳芳 韩瑞玺 徐振江[1] 谢大森[3] 江院[1] DING Chengyun;YIN Jiwei;WU Xingting;FENG Yanfang;HAN Ruixi;XU Zhenjiang;XIE Dasen;JIANG Yuan(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University/Guangzhou Sub-center for New Plant Variety Tests,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;Development Center of Science and Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100176,China;Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院·农业农村部植物新品种测试(广州)分中心,广州510642 [2]农业农村部科技发展中心,北京100176 [3]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第3期45-60,共16页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：农业农村部科技发展中心申请保护品种DUS测试及已知品种库维护项目(h20220436)。

摘　　要：为明确冬瓜种质资源表型遗传多样性,采用主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析等方法,对207份冬瓜种质资源的31个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,207份冬瓜种质资源表现出丰富的遗传多样性。31个性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围在0.25~2.14,其中果形指数的遗传多样性指数最高(2.14),其次是果肉厚度(2.03),雌花连续性最低(0.25)。6个数量性状的变异系数变化范围在27.01%~75.83%,均大于20%,变异系数最大的是果实质量,果实横径最小。主成分分析提取了8个主成分,累积贡献率达68.78%,其中果实质量、果肉厚度、果实纵径、果皮斑点颜色、果实瓜瓤、种子边缘棱的有无、果柄长度、叶片裂刻深浅、果蒂端形状、果肉颜色、雌花柱头颜色及果蒂端凹陷程度等12个性状贡献率较高,能够涵盖207份冬瓜种质外部形态特征的描述。在465个相关系数中,有55个相关系数绝对值>0.50,其中22个相关系数绝对值>0.70,说明各性状间表现出不同程度的相关性。聚类分析将试材分成4组,其中第Ⅰ组节瓜和小冬瓜居多,果型较小,果肉有硬度,质脆,符合广东消费者食量和口味,第Ⅲ组为大果型冬瓜,具有高产潜质,这两组可作为筛选优异种质和品种创新改良的育种材料。本研究结果为冬瓜新品种选育和特异种质资源挖掘提供了一定的理论指导。In order to clarify the phenotype genetic diversity of wax gourd germplasm resources,207 wax gourd germ-plasm resources were selected as samples,and the genetic diversity,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods were performed for 31 basic traits in the DUS tests guidelines of wax gourd.The results indicated that 207 wax gourd germplasm resources showed rich genetic diversity.The genetic diversity indexes of 31 traits varied range from 0.25 to 2.14,among which the genetic diversity index of fruit shape index was the highest(2.14),followed by flesh thickness(2.03),and female flower continuity was the lowest(0.25).The range of coefficient of variation of six quan-titative traits varied from 27.01%to 75.83%,and were all greater than 20%.The coefficient of variation of fruit quality was the largest(75.83%),and fruit transverse diameter was the smallest(27.01%).Principal component analysis extracted 8 principal components.The accumulative contribution rate of 8 principal components was 68.78%,among which 12 traits such as fruit mass,pulp thickness,longitudinal diameter of fruit,pericarp spot color,fruit pulp,whether there were edges on the edge of seed or not,fruit stalk length,depth of leaf split,pedicle end of shape,flesh color,stigma color of female flower and degree of pitting of fruit pedicle end contributed more.Above traits could be used to describe the external mor-phological characteristics of 207 wax gourd germplasm.Among 465 correlation coefficients,the absolute value of 55 corre-lation coefficients was greater than 0.50,and the absolute value of 22 correlation coefficients was greater than 0.70,show-ing various degrees of correlation between different traits.The germplasm materials were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis.Among them,groupⅠconsisted mostly of Chieh-qua and small wax gourd with small fruit size,the flesh was hard and crisp,which was in line with the appetite and taste of Guangdong consumers.GroupⅢwas the large fruit type wax gourd,which had hig

关 键 词：冬瓜 种质资源 DUS测试 遗传多样性 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S642.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]