不同类型砧木对小果型西瓜生长及枯萎病抗性的影响  

Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and resistance to Fusarium wilt of small fruit watermelon

作　　者：侯晟灿 于玉红 李军华 赵津禾 罗晓丹 刘红兵 霍治邦 张琳 赵小龙 HOU Shengcan;YU Yuhong;LI Junhua;ZHAO Jinhe;LUO Xiaodan;LIU Hongbing;HUOZhibang;ZHANG Lin;ZHAO Xiaolong(Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of New Germplasm Creation and Utilization of High Quality Stress-resistant Watermelon in Henan Province,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]开封市农林科学研究院,河南开封475004 [2]河南省优质抗逆西瓜新种质创制与利用工程技术研究中心,河南开封475004

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第3期68-73,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110400);开封市重点研发专项(23ZDYF008);开封市重大科技专项(21ZD008);开封市科技攻关项目(Z20231811037)。

摘　　要：为探究不同类型砧木对嫁接后小果型西瓜生长、枯萎病抗性表现及生理指标差异的影响,以小果型西瓜菊城惠玲为接穗,以自根嫁接苗作为对照,选取5个南瓜砧木和4个葫芦砧木为试验对象展开研究。结果表明,嫁接成活率最高的是京欣砧4号嫁接苗(98.3%);在促进接穗生长和产量增加方面表现最好的是甬砧5号嫁接苗,较对照增产35.9%;在品质方面,京欣砧4号嫁接苗的中心可溶性固形物含量(w)最高,达到13.2%;接种西瓜枯萎病菌后抗性表现最强的是甬砧5号嫁接苗,发病率为21.25%、病情指数6.67,防病效果91.47%,达到高抗水平;甬砧5号嫁接苗叶片中POD活性显著高于对照,MDA含量显著低于对照。综上所述,南瓜砧木京欣砧4号和葫芦砧木甬砧5号作为砧木效果最佳,适宜在生产上推广应用。In order to explore the effects of different rootstocks on the growth,resistance to Fusarium wilt and physiologi-cal indexes of small fruit watermelons after grafting,this study used small fruit watermelon Jucheng Huiling as the scion,and self-rooted grafted seedlings as the control.Five pumpkin rootstocks and four gourd rootstocks were selected as exper-imental subjectss.The results showed that the highest graft survival rate was observed in the grafted seedlings of Jingxin Zhen No.4(98.3%).The best performance in promoting scion growth and increasing yield was observed in the grafted seedlings of Yongzhen No.5,which resulted in a 35.9%yield increase compared to the control.In terms of quality,the highest soluble solid content in the center was found in the grafted seedlings of Jingxinzhen No.4,reaching 13.2%.After inoculation with watermelon Fusarium wilt,the grafted seedlings of Yongzhen No.5 showed the strongest resistance,with a disease incidence of 21.25%,a disease index of 6.67,and a disease prevention effect of 91.47%,reaching a high resistance level.The POD activity in the leaves of the grafted seedlings of Yongzhen No.5 was significantly higher than that the control,while the MDA content was significantly lower than the control.In conclusion,the pumpkin rootstock Jingxinzhen No.4 and gourd rootstock Yongzhen No.5 showed the best results and are suitable for promotion and applica-tion in production.

关 键 词：小果型西瓜 南瓜砧木 葫芦砧木 嫁接 枯萎病 抗病性 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]