氮素包膜基施替代水溶追施对设施番茄产量和品质的影响  

Effects of coated urea replacing water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato

作　　者：李权辉 赵凯丽 郭宁 尹心馨 石文学 LI Quanhui;ZHAO Kaili;GUO Ning;YIN Xinxin;SHI Wenxue(Beijing Miyun Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station,Beijing 101500,China;Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市密云区土肥工作站,北京101500 [2]北京市耕地建设保护中心,北京100101

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第3期125-130,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：密云区2024年商品有机肥补贴项目。

摘　　要：为探究控释氮肥基施替代水溶氮肥追施的效果,在京郊设施大棚开展春茬番茄试验,研究常规施肥对照(FP)、优化施肥(OPT)、50%包膜尿素基施(CU50),100%包膜尿素基施(CU100)4种施肥方式对番茄产量、品质、养分吸收以及土壤硝态氮残留的影响。结果表明,FP处理的产量(30.8 t·hm^(-2))最低,其次为CU100、OPT处理,以CU50处理的产量(35.6 t·hm^(-2))最高,比FP处理显著增加15.9%,比OPT处理显著增加1.6%。产值和净收益也出现了类似的变化规律,CU50处理的产值和净收益均显著高于其他处理,与OPT处理相比分别显著增加1.1万元·hm^(-2)、1.4万元·hm^(-2)。番茄果实的维生素C含量以CU50处理最高,但与OPT、FP处理间差异不显著;硝酸盐含量以CU100处理最低,其次为CU50处理,两者均显著低于FP、OPT处理。在收获期后,CU50处理的土壤硝态氮残留量最低,其次为CU100处理,两者均显著低于FP、OPT处理。番茄植株对氮、磷、钾的养分吸收量和钾肥的偏生产力均以CU50处理最高,显著高于其他处理;CU50、CU100处理投入的氮、磷、钾养分均无盈余。综上,可推荐设施春茬番茄施肥量为:施磷量42.3 kg·hm^(-2),施钾量171.6 kg·hm^(-2),在传统施氮量(128.4 kg·hm^(-2))基本不变的前提下调节水氮耦合,以包膜尿素基施代替50%水溶氮肥追施可达到提质增效目的。In order to explore the effect of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer as a substitute for water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer,a spring tomato experiment was carried out in greenhouse in the suburbs of Beijing.The effects of four fertilization methods,namely conventional fertilizer(FP),optimal fertilizer(OPT),50%coated urea replacing(CU50),and 100%coated urea replacing(CU100),on tomato yield,quality,nutrient absorption and soil nitrate nitrogen residue were studied.The results showed that the yield of FP(30.8 t·hm^(-2))was the lowest,followed by CU100 and OPT treatments,while the CU50 treatment had the highest yield(35.6 t·hm^(-2)),which was significantly 15.9%higher than FP and 1.6%higher than OPT.The output value and net income also showed a similar pattern of change.The output value and net income of CU50 treatment were significantly higher than the other treatments,with a significant increase of 11000 yuan·hm^(-2) and 14000 yuan·hm^(-2) compared with the OPT treatment,respectively.The vitamin C content in tomato fruit was highest in the CU50 treatment,but there was no significant difference between CU50,OPT,and FP treatments.The nitrate content was lowest in the CU100,followed by CU50,both of which were significantly lower than FP and OPT.After the harvest,the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen in soil treated with CU50 was the lowest,followed by CU100,both of which were significantly lower than FPand OPT.The nutrient uptake of N,P,K by tomato plants,as well partial productivity of K fertilizer,were high-est in CU50,significantly higher than other treatments.There was no surplus of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutri-ents in CU50 and CU100.In summary,the recommended fertilizer amount for spring greenhouse tomatoes is 42.3 kg·hm^(-2) of phosphorus,and 171.6 kg·hm^(-2) of potassium.By adjusting the water nitrogen coupling while keeping the traditional nitrogen application of 128.4 kg·hm^(-2) basically unchanged,using coated urea application instead of 50%water-soluble nitrogen application could impr

关 键 词：包膜尿素 设施番茄 产量 控释氮肥 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]