基于TM-PMC指数模型的地方民族立法质量评价  

Quality Evaluation of Local Legislation for Minorities Affairs:Based on the TM-PMC Index Model

作　　者：王群 官执 Wang Qun;Guan Zhi

机构地区：[1]中共重庆市委党校重庆市党建研究所 [2]中共重庆市委党校

出　　处：《云南行政学院学报》2025年第1期29-39,F0002,共12页The Journal of Yunnan Administration College

基　　金：重庆市重大决策咨询研究课题“文化领域地方立法问题实证研究”(2024ZJ06)。

摘　　要：地方民族立法质量评价是衡量民族事务治理法治化水平的重要向度。运用TM-PMC指数模型,遴选现行有效的8部具有代表性的地方性民族法规进行量化评价,构建包含9个一级变量、44个二级变量的TM-PMC指数模型。结合文本挖掘工具进行法规内容分析发现,地方民族立法主题相对集中且多聚焦民族地方发展建设,始终凸显“以人民为中心”的价值立场,立法理念实现了从“民族团结进步”到“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”的创新发展。指数模型量化结果表明,地方民族立法总体良好,但法规间差异化程度较为明显;影响TM-PMC指数值的主要因素包括立法规范性、创制性、操作性3个变量;绘制戴布拉图展示优劣性,反映出当前地方民族立法仍部分存在立法技术略显粗糙、立法内容可操作性不够、法规创制性不足等问题。提出以增进共同性为方向完善地方民族法治规范体系;优化立法程序,健全备案审查制度;善于用“小切口立法”提升法规可操作性;以“民族+区域”特色增强地方民族立法的创制性等完善策略。The evaluation of the quality of local minority-related legislation is an important dimension for measuringthe level of rule of law in ethnic affairs governance.In this study,8 representative localethnic regulations are selected that are currently effective for quantitative evaluation by use of the TM-PMC index modelthat includes 9 primary variables and 44 secondary variables.Through the analysis of regulatory content using textmining tools,it was found that the theme of local ethnic legislation is relatively concentrated and focusedon the development and construction in ethnic regions,always highlighting the value stance of“putting the peopleat the center”.The legislative concept has achieved innovative development from“ethnic unity and progress”to“strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community”.The quantitative results of the index modelindicate that local ethnic legislation is generally good,but the degree of differentiation between regulationsis relatively obvious.The main factors affecting the TM-PMC index value encompass three variables,namely,legislativenormativity,creativity,and enforceability.Drawing a Deborah chart to demonstrate the advantages anddisadvantages leads to the finding that there are still some problems in local ethnic legislation,such as slightly rough legislativetechniques,lack of operability in legislative content and insufficient regulatory creativity.Therefore,it is propose to improve thelocal ethnic legal norms system based on the principle of enhancing commonality,optimize legislative proceduresand improve the filing and review system and improve the operability of regulations through“small incisionlegislation”strategies such as enhancing the creativity of local ethnic legislation with the characteristics of“ethnic+regional”.

关 键 词：地方民族立法 民族事务治理法治化 量化评价 TM-PMC指数模型 

分 类 号：D633[政治法律—政治学] D927[政治法律—中外政治制度]