数字治理:数字时代下中国公共行政的挑战与转向——兼论行政史上三次变革  

Digital Governance:Changes and Challenges Faced by the Chinese Public Administration in theDigital Age--On the Three Transformations in the History of Administration

作　　者：原桂楠 Yuan Guinan

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《云南行政学院学报》2025年第1期77-87,共11页The Journal of Yunnan Administration College

摘　　要：自19世纪末至今,公共行政实践历经三次重大变革:一次发生在19世纪末20世纪初的美国,为处理“进步时代”复杂的公共事务,行政学从政治学中脱胎而出,并逐步衍生出传统公共行政模式;20世纪70年代,在公共财政危机困扰下,欧美各国开启管理主义范式的新公共管理运动;21世纪以来人类进入数字时代,数字技术飞速发展,政府经历了由政府信息化、电子政务向数字政府转变的过程,数字技术重塑行政。具体说来,数字治理包括以数据为工具的治理与以数据为对象的治理。整个过程中,公共行政要面对数据这一新的管理对象,公共部门组织变革悄然发生。尽管中国现代行政起步较晚,却没有在第四次科技革命中掉队,这意味着中国政府同样要面对数字时代公共行政变革,应对挑战、完成转向。数字时代中国政府在数字治理方面面临三重张力:数据虚拟性及其现实嵌合性间的张力、数据公共性与“生产—供给”多元化的张力、数据无界性与监管有限性的张力。如何利用数字技术实现政府组织性变革,合理优化权力配置,在政府与市场、政府与公民,以及各层级政府间形成伙伴关系,实现对数字的协同共治,已经成为当代中国公共行政变革时期要思考的重要议题。Since the end of the 19th century,there have been three major transformations in the history of publicadministration practice.At the end of the 19th century,in order to deal with complex public affairs,administrationscience was born out of political science,gradually developing into the traditional public administration model.Inthe 1970s,battered by the public financial crisis,America and European countries started the new publicmanagement movement of managerialism paradigm.With the advent Since the 21st century,with digital technology advancing at a rapid pace,the world has entered the digitalage.Various governmentshave experienced the transformation process fromgovernment informatization and e-government to digital governmentand has also formed a new form of publicadministration under digital governance which includes governance with digital tools andgovernance with digital objects.In the whole process,public administration has to face the new managementobject of data and the reform of the public sector organizationsthat is quietly takes place.China's modern administration is latecomer,but China has not fallen behind in the fourth scientific and technological revolution,meaning thatthe Chinese government also has to face the change of public administration in the digital age in which thegovernment has to cope with three tensions in data governance:the tension between data publicity and the diversification ofproduction and supply,the tension between data virtuality and its realityand the tension between the unboundednature of digitalization and the limited supervision.How to use digital technology to realize the organizational changeof government,rationally optimize the allocation of power and realize the collaborative digitalgovernance regulating the relationship between the government and the market,the government and the citizens has become animportant issue to be considered in the period of publicadministration transformation in contemporary China.

关 键 词：数字时代 数字治理 公共行政变革 行政学史 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]