“新乡贤”治村:乡村关系视角下的精英再造——基于马镇的田野调研  

The Governance of Villages by New Able Villagers:The Re-creation of Village Elitesfrom the Perspective of Rural Governance

作　　者：任亮亮 毛天昊 Ren Liangliang;Mao Tianhao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院 [2]同济大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《云南行政学院学报》2025年第1期102-114,共13页The Journal of Yunnan Administration College

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：“新乡贤”治村契合乡村治理创新的内在需求,是乡村治理现代化的有效选择。基于马镇的调研发现,乡镇推动“新乡贤”治村不仅是响应国家号召,而且在行政体制中具有结构基础。一是资源下乡背景下选择“新乡贤”治村有利于乡镇开展规则治理;二是项目进村中“以奖代补”的路径下选择“新乡贤”治村有利于乡镇依托其援引资源;三是自主治理的体制空间有利于乡—村干部之间的目标耦合。无论担任主要干部还是一般干部,“新乡贤”都是具有一定资源禀赋的人,表现为富人或能人,是乡镇筛选的结果。“新乡贤”治村既面临人员产生、治理行动、功能作用等实践困境,也造成“新乡村利益共同体”形成、基层治理悬浮化的后果。因此,需要打破对“新乡贤”作为理想“政治人”的想象。比较“中农”治村发现,“新乡贤”还存在治理不足。因此,既要推动“新乡贤”治村,也要强调村民的主体性参与,方能推动低成本、高效率的乡村治理现代化目标实现。The“New-Able-Villagers”village governance practice meets the inherent needs of rural governance innovationand is an effective choice for modernizing rural governance.Based on the field investigations completed by the authors in Mazhen,it was found thatpromoting“New-Able-Villagers”village governance in townships is not only in response to national government calls,butalso has a structural foundation in the administrative system.Firstly,choosing“New-Able-villagers”villagegovernance against the background of more resources going to the countryside is beneficial for townships to carry out rules-based governance.Secondly,choosing“New Able Villagers”village governance under the rewards-versus-subsidies practice in bringing projects into villages stimulates townships to make best use of their own resources.Thirdly,theinstitutional space for autonomous governance is conducive to goal coupling between township and village cadres.Whether serving as a key cadre or an ordinary cadre,new able villagersare individuals with certain resourceendowments,recognized as wealthy or capable individualsand representatives through township selection.The“New-Able-Villagers”governancefaces practical challenges such as personnel generation,governance actions,functionalrolesas well as the consequences of the formation of a“New Village Community of Interest”and the suspensionof grassroots governance.Therefore,it is necessary to break up the imagination of“New Able Villagers”as ideal“politicians”.By comparing the new able villagers with“Zhongnong”,or the moderately-wealthy villagers,it is found that the former still havegovernance deficiencies.Therefore,while it is necessary to promote the“New-Able-Villagers”governancevillages active participation in village governance byother villagers is equally important in achieving the goal of low-cost and high-efficiencymodernization in rural governance.

关 键 词：新乡贤 乡村关系 村治主体 资源下乡 

分 类 号：D262[政治法律—政治学]