江苏省不同生态区蔬菜中多种农药的残留检测及膳食风险评估  

Residues detection and dietary risk assessment of multiple pesticides in vegetables from different ecological regions of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：顾爱国[1] 李雪 陈昌旸 刘凤琪 马东方[2] 杨松 GU Aiguo;LI Xue;CHEN Changyang;LIU Fengqi;MA Dongfang;YANG Song(Jiangsu Product Quality Testing&Inspection Institute,Nanjing 221111,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China;College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 221111,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省产品质量监督检验研究院,南京221111 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434000 [3]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [4]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京221111

出　　处：《农药》2025年第3期194-210,共17页Agrochemicals

基　　金：江苏省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(KJ2023011);江苏省市场监督管理局科技计划重点研发项目(KJ2024003);国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2023MK045)资助。

摘　　要：[目的]建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测5种典型蔬菜中34种农药残留的分析方法。明确江苏省不同生态区优势蔬菜(乌青菜、扁豆、黄瓜、大蒜、长茄)的农药残留和不同年龄结构人群膳食风险水平。[方法]基于QuEChERS前处理技术,样品经乙腈提取,以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)组合净化,结合UPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。将方法应用于江苏省不同生态区优势蔬菜中多种农药的残留检测。[结果]在1~200μg/L质量浓度范围内34种农药的线性良好,决定系数R~2在0.9953~0.9999之间;在5、50、500μg/kg添加水平下,5种基质中34种农药加标回收率在72.4%~108.5%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)在2.48%~11.23%之间;34种农药在5种蔬菜基质中的定量限(LOQ)均为5μg/kg。监测结果显示,各优势产区5种蔬菜均有农药检出,其中黄瓜中霜霉威(36.8%)、啶虫脒(29.4%)和嘧菌酯(25.0%)检出率较高;大蒜中噻虫胺(29.2%)和敌草胺(20.8%)检出较多;扁豆中灭蝇胺(44.2%)、吡虫啉(34.6%)、苯醚甲环唑(30.8%)检出率较高;长茄中噻虫胺(20.4%)、吡虫啉(16.7%)检出批次较多;乌青菜中啶虫脒检出率达43.3%,但上述检出值均低于残留限量(MRLs)。膳食风险评估结果显示,5种蔬菜中农药残留对中国不同年龄人群的慢性和急性累积膳食摄入风险值均小于1,风险处于可接受水平。[结论]江苏省优势产区5种优势蔬菜中虽存在农药多残留,但所有年龄段的慢性和急性膳食摄入风险均低于安全阈值,整体膳食暴露风险处于可接受的范围,不会对各类消费者产生健康危害。然而,儿童、青少年和老年人的风险相对较高,建议加强对这些高风险群体的膳食摄入监测和风险评估。[Aims] This study aims to establish a method for the analysis of 34 pesticide residues in 5 typical vegetables using UPLC-MS/MS, and clarify the pesticide residues of dominant vegetables(walnut black vegetable,lentil, cucumber, garlic, eggplant) in different ecological areas of Jiangsu Province and the dietary risk level of populations with different age structures. [Methods] Based on QuEChERS pretreatment technology, the samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified by multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and PSA, and detected via UPLC-MS/MS with external standard quantification. The presented method was applied to the monitoring of pesticide residues in dominant vegetables from diverse ecological planting zones in Jiangsu Province. [Results] The 34 pesticides had good linearity in the linear range of 1-200 μg/L, and the coefficient of determination(R^(2)) was between 0.9953 and 0.9999. The recovery rates at 5, 50 and 500 μg/kg spiking levels were between 72.4% to 108.5%, with RSDs from~2.48% to 11.23%. The limits of quantitation of 34 pesticides in the five vegetable matrices were 5 μg/kg. The monitoring results show that all five vegetables from dominant production areas had pesticide residues detected.Cucumbers showed high detection rates for propamocarb(36.8%), acetamiprid(29.4%) and azoxystrobin(25.0%);clothianidin(29.2%) and napropamide(20.8%) were frequently found in garlic;cyromazine(44.2%), imidacloprid(34.6%) and difenoconazole(30.8%) had high detection rates in lentils;clothianidin(20.4%) and imidacloprid(16.7%) were frequently detected in eggplants;and the detection rate of acetamiprid in walnut black vegetable reached 43.3%. All residues were below MRLs, and dietary risk assessments indicated that both chronic and acute cumulative risks were below 1, indicating an acceptable level of risk.[Conclusions] Multi-residue pesticides were found in five dominant vegetables in Jiangsu Province, but the chronic and acute dietary risks for different age groups were below the safe threshold, and the over

关 键 词：QUECHERS 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法 蔬菜 加标回收率 LOQ 膳食摄入风险评估 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]