宾位“X_(双)+de+V”结构中de字交替规律考察  

A study on the alternating rules of the word de in the structure of“X_(doublesyllables)+de+V”in object position

作　　者：黄昌杰 徐阳春[1] HUANG Changjie;XU Yangchun

机构地区：[1]南昌大学中文系

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2025年第2期63-73,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于汉语特征的多元语法理论探索”(20&ZD297)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：谓宾动词可以分为典型、非典型、中性三种类型。“X_(双)+de+V”单说时,de为“地”,但是充任宾语时,这个“地”会出现与“的”交替的现象,其规律是:充任典型谓宾动词的宾语时,“地”不交替,仍为“地”;充任非典型谓宾动词的宾语时,“地”交替为“的”;充任中性谓宾动词的宾语时,“地”“的”两可。本文还提供了测试de字是否交替的简便方法:凡宾语“X_(双)+de+V”只能用“做什么/怎么样”指代的动词是典型谓宾动词,“地”不交替;凡宾语只能用“什么”指代的动词是非典型谓宾动词,“地”交替为“的”;宾语既能用“做什么/怎么样”又能用“什么”指代的动词是中性谓宾动词,“地”“的”两可。这种“两可”,特定语言环境会从句法、语义、音节、上下文等方面给出明确提示。Predicate-object verbs can be divided into three types:typical,atypical and neutral.When“X_(double syllables)+de+V”is used alone,de is written as“地”,but when it acts as an object,there will be an alternating phenomenon between de(地)and de(的).The rule is:when acting as the object of typical predicate-object verbs,de does not alternate and is still“地”;when acting as the object of atypical predicate-object verbs,de alternates with de(的);when acting as the object of neutral predicate-object verbs,both de(地)and de(的)are possible.This paper also provides a simple method to test whether the word de alternates:if the object“X_(double syllables)+de+V”can only be referred to as zuo shenme/zenmeyang(做什么/怎么样),de does not alternate and is still“地”;if the object can only be referred to as shenme(什么),de alternates with de(的);if the object can use both zuo shenme/zenmeyang and shenme to be refered to,both de(地)and de(的)are possible.For this ambiguous situation of neutral predicate-object verbs,the specific language environment will give clear hints from the syntax,the semantics,the syllable and the context.

关 键 词：“X_(双)+de+V” 宾位 “地”“的”交替 谓宾动词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]