湘语祁东方言次浊字调值分化路径研究  

Tonal F0 splits in Qidong Xiang dialect

作　　者：袁丹 陈轶亚[2] YUAN Dan;CHEN Yiya

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院国家语委全球中文发展研究中心,上海 [2]荷兰莱顿大学,莱顿

出　　处：《中国语文》2025年第2期168-179,255,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“吴湘语声母发声类型比较研究”(2021BYY005);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“吴湘语古浊声母性质及其与声调交互关系研究”(24YJA740059)的资助。

摘　　要：本文运用“增长曲线分析法(GCA)”分析了祁东方言新老派全清、次浊和全浊声母的调值分化现象,统计结果表明:平声类,新派和老派的次浊与全清、全浊都发生了调值分化;上声类,老派次浊与全清、全浊调值分化,但新派次浊与全清合并;去声和入声类中,新派和老派的次浊都与全清合并,与全浊发生调值分化。在实验分析和新老派代际差异比较的基础上,本文进一步分析了祁东方言次浊平声和次浊上声的分化路径,结果表明:1)老派次浊平声和次浊上声的调值分化,是在“清-浊”二分的基础上进行的,次浊字调头变得更高,从浊音字里分化出来;2)新派次浊上和清上合流并非全浊字从原有调类中分化出来的结果,而是在“自变”与“他变”合力作用下形成的,“自变”使次浊上调值变高,从全浊上中分化出来,“他变”则使清上调头降低与次浊上合并;3)次浊平调值分化到一定程度,便与全浊平分离,新派部分字全浊平与全浊入合并,清入与清平合并,次浊平“独立成调”。Based on Growth Curve Analysis(GCA),this paper examines the lexical tone f0 patterns in Qidong Xiang dialect,mainly on syllables with sonorant,voiceless unaspirated,and voiced onsets across two generations.Statistical results reveal that,for MC level tones,both older and younger generations exhibit f0 differences among syllables with all onset types.For MC rising tones,older generation maintains f0 distinctions while younger generation shows a merge of syllables with sonorant and voiceless unaspirated onsets.For MC departing and entering tones,both generations exhibit a merged f0 pattern following sonorant and voiceless unaspirated onsets while retaining distinctions after voiced onsets.The study proposes that f0 splits in level and rising tones of the older generation may have originated from a“voiceless-voiced”dichotomy,with raised f0 after sonorant onsets.The merge of rising tones with different onsets in the younger generation may be attributed to the internal raising of sonorant onset f0 and external lowering of voiceless unaspirated onset f0.Additionally,some of the younger generation exhibit a merge of level and entering tones after voiced onsets,forming a distinct category of level tone after sonorant onsets.

关 键 词：增长曲线分析法 实验语音 祁东方言 次浊字 调值分化 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]