“返回”义趋向动词范畴的形成和发展  

The formation and development of RETURN verbs in Classical Chinese

作　　者：张赪[1] ZHANG Cheng

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2025年第2期209-220,256,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：“清华大学自主科研计划”(2024THZWJC21)资助。

摘　　要：本文考察了中古汉语、近代汉语里常用的“返回”义动词“还、归、回”的用法演变,并结合汉语趋向补语演变的大趋势,认为“归”在“返回”义动词由位移动词向趋向动词转变的过程中一直十分活跃。具体来说,“归”在中古汉语中发展出的非对称性连动结构“VP归”,是其发展出趋向补语用法的关键一步;“归”由位移动词演变为趋向动词影响了其他“返回”义动词的演变;唐宋时期“返回”义趋向动词范畴形成,“VP归/归来/归去”在动趋式的两项代表性语法特征上表现比其他“返回”义动词更加典型;明清时期“归”才被“回”取代。文章最后根据“返回”义动词历史兴替的个案,对如何分别、确定汉语史语料中语言成分的历史层次和性质等问题进行了讨论。This paper describes the paths of development of RETURN verbs represented by gui(归)from Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin,and compares their synchronic semantic properties.Based on the general tendency of the evolution of Chinese directional complement,the paper proposes that gui has been robust in almost all phases of the development of RETURN verbs.The occurrence of the asymmetrical verb compound“VP gui”in Middle Chinese is a key to gui's diachronic change into a directional verb which also influences the development of other RETURN verbs.The verb category of directional verbs meaning“to return”can be attested no later than the Tang and Song dynasties;and it was during the Ming and Qing dynasties that gui was eventually replaced by hui(回)as the major verb meaning“to return”.The last section of the paper also discusses the methodological issues on how to distinguish and determine the historical layer of ancient Chinese literatures.

关 键 词：返回义 位移动词 趋向动词 非对称性连动结构 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]