古汉语“使”的小句整合功能  

The clause integration of shi(使)sentences in Classical Chinese

作　　者：姜南[1] 阿依达尔·米尔卡马力[2] JIANG Nan;Aydar Mirkamal

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京 [2]新疆大学文学院,乌鲁木齐

出　　处：《中国语文》2025年第2期221-231,256,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于汉语史的话语标记词库建设和研究”(2024ZD250);中国历史研究院“绝学”学科2024年度扶持计划“回鹘文献学”(2024JXZ006)资助。

摘　　要：古汉语“使”(包含“使”“令”等使役动词)的语法化不仅限于使役到条件的演变,从使役动词发展为假设连词,伴随“使”字动词性减弱而产生的小句联结功能,同样也是语法化的结果。估且视作篇章连接成分的“使”可以得到梵汉佛经对勘及汉语-回鹘语对译文献的进一步印证。由“使”整合而成的“使”字句弹性十足,既能延伸扩展,形成大于句子的语法结构“A+使+B”,“使”关联A、B两个事件,构成双事件结构,A、B各自独立成句,甚至可使用复句;还能省缩构式,形成结合更为紧密的使成连动结构,继而成为动结式的源头。如此一伸一缩,共同构成古汉语“使”及“使”字句语法化的完整过程。In Classical Chinese,shi(使)-related words including shi,ling(令)and other causative verbs follow two paths of development:One from causative verbs to hypothetical conjunctions,and the other from causative verbs to markers of clause integration due to the weakening of their verb property.By comparing Sanskrit-Chinese Buddhist parallels and Chinese-Old Turkic parallels,this paper proposes that shi can function as a discourse connecting component in Middle Chinese.The clause integrated by shi may be extended into a grammatical structure“A+shi+B”which is beyond the sentence level.Shi may also link two events thus forming up a serial VP which is highly likely the source of Chinese resultative verb compounds.

关 键 词：“使” 小句整合 句式延展 省缩构式 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]