新质生产力发展与共同富裕:基于劳动者干中学效应的分析  

New Quality Productive Forces and Common Prosperity:An Analysis Based on the Learning-by-doing Effect of Workers

作　　者：李天一 张伟[2] 张玄逸 LI Tianyi;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Xuanyi(Department of National Governance,Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(Chinese National Academy of Governance);School of Management,Zhejiang University;Management World Magazine)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)国家治理教研部 [2]浙江大学管理学院 [3]管理世界杂志社

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2025年第3期5-25,共21页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

摘　　要：新质生产力的发展能否有效缩小收入分配差距?该问题兼具重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于霍特林模型进行分析,对比了不同产业劳动者的从业选择,发现新质生产力的发展提升了劳动者的能力,进而缓解了居民收入不平等。在此基础上,本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据从宏观和微观两个层面进行实证检验,发现新质生产力的发展显著降低了居民的收入不平等程度。异质性分析结果表明,在政府与市场关系和数字普惠金融发展程度越好的地区,新质生产力发展对收入不平等的改善越显著;新质生产力发展主要缓解中等收入人群的收入不平等程度。机制检验结果表明,新质生产力发展带来收入不平等的降低主要来自中等收入群体的干中学效应。本文证实了随着中国新质生产力的发展,收入不平等问题也得到有效缓解,为促进效率与公平的协调一致提供了重要的参考。The question of whether new quality productive forces can effectively narrow the income distribution gap is of both theoretical and practical significance.In this study,we adopt a multi-method framework,using both a theoretical model and empirical tests to investigate the role of new quality productive forces in mitigating income inequality.Given the current situation of the income gap among Chinese residents,whether the development of new productive forces can effectively alleviate income inequality is worth exploring.First,this study establishes a theoretical model for the development of new quality productive forces and income inequality based on the hoteling model.We find that with the continuous development of new quality productive forces,the learning-by-doing effect enhances the quality distribution of the labor force.Although the high-tech industry continues to attract a fixed proportion of high-quality talent,traditional industries have also seen an increase in labor quality due to the presence of the learning-bydoing effect.This phenomenon leads to higher wage growth rates in traditional industries as compared with those in high-tech industries,which causes the Gini coefficient to decrease,indicating that income distribution is becoming more balanced.In summary,the development of new quality productive forces,the learning-by-doing effect on the improvement of labor quality,and the resulting changes in talent distribution and wages between industries have all had a positive impact on the income distribution pattern.Second,we use a large dataset provided by the China Family Panel Survey to empirically verify the model’s predictions,delving into macroeconomic trends and microscopic family-level observations.The results of our analysis uncover profound evidence to support that the development of new quality productive forces effectively mitigates income inequality among residents.Importantly,the robustness of our findings was thoroughly tested using rigorous methods,including instrumental variable analyse

关 键 词：新质生产力 干中学效应 收入不平等 霍特林模型 

分 类 号：F404[经济管理—产业经济]