产业政策复兴还是革故鼎新?——兼论“铁锈带”兴衰与美国新产业政策  

Industrial Policy Revival or Revolution?--The Rise and Fall of the‘Rust Belt'and the New U.S.Industrial Policy

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作  者:李优树[1] 冯秀玲 龚英刚 Li Youshu;Feng Xiuling;Gong Yinggang

机构地区:[1]四川大学经济学院

出  处:《美国研究》2025年第1期84-106,7,共24页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基  金:国家社会科学基金研究项目的重大专项阶段性成果。

摘  要:复杂经济学理论为21世纪的新产业政策提供了有效的解释框架。产业政策的演进要适应经济系统的复杂变化。美国“五大湖工业区”在20世纪70年代以前,基本按照复杂经济系统的演进模式在发展。然而,自20世纪70年代后,该地区逐渐沦为“铁锈带”。排除技术冲击和经济系统未能连续适应复杂环境变化的因素,美国政府在全局控制者与非全局控制者之间的反复横跳,是“铁锈带”加速衰败的政策性因素。为重振国内制造业,缓解社会阶层之间的矛盾和经济问题,美国从奥巴马政府时期到特朗普政府时期,先后采取竞争性产业政策和防御性产业政策,推动制造业回流本土。拜登政府更是全面拥抱产业战略,对产业政策革故鼎新,试图借助新产业政策的力量拯救“铁锈带”,然而其政策效果微乎其微。美国新产业政策的政治经济特征,主要体现在市场竞争与政府干预间的协调、党派政治与集团利益的博弈、产业结构与社会阶层矛盾的调和这三个方面。The theory of Complexity Economics provides an effective explanatory framework for new industrial policies in the twenty-first century.The evolution of industrial policy should be adapted to the complex changes in the economic system.Before the 197Os,the‘Great Lakes Industrial Region'of the United States basically developed according to the evolutionary pattern of complex economic systems.However,since the 197Os,the region has gradually degenerated into the Rust Belt.Excluding technological shocks and the failure of economic systems to continuously adapt to changes in complex environments,the U.S.government's repeated bouncing between global and non-global controllers has been a policy factor in the accelerated decline of the Rust Belt.In order to revive domestic manufacturing and ease the contradiction between social classes and economic problems,the United States,from the Obama administration to the Trump administration,has adopted a competitive industrial policy and defensive industrial policy to promote the return of manufacturing industry to the mainland.The Biden government has fully embraced industrial strategy,industrial policy innovation,trying to save the‘Rust Belt’with the power of the new industrial policy.However,its policy effect is minimal.The political and economic characteristics of the new U.S.industrial policy are mainly reflected in the coordination between market competition and government intervention,the game of partisan politics and group interests,and the reconciliation of industrial structure and social class conflicts.

关 键 词:美国经济 产业政策 新产业政策 “铁锈带” 复杂经济学 拜登政府 特朗普政府 

分 类 号:F171.2[经济管理—世界经济]

 

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