面向数字经济时代日本的新产业政策——兼论产业政策全球回归  

Japan's New Industrial Policy in the Digital Economy Era:Also on the Global Return of Industrial Policy

作　　者：刘轩 纪雅琦 LIU Xuan;JI Yaqi(Japan Institute,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2025年第2期25-43,共19页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“日本近代化历史进程及影响研究”(24&ZD306)。

摘　　要：产业政策曾经长期饱受诟病,并背负“恶名”。然而,近年却奇迹般在全球卷土重来。美国、英国、欧盟、日本等许多发达国家(地区),纷纷以提高国家战略竞争力和应对供应链中断、地缘政治冲突、气候变化等为由,制定了新的产业政策方案。主流经济学开始高度关注产业政策问题,并提出了“任务导向”“技术与创新”“生产主义”“政府创造市场”等多种产业发展思路和政策框架。在产业政策全球性回归的刺激下,日本政府推出了“经济产业政策新机轴”,强调以解决社会经济问题为增长引擎,由政府直接走上前台,与民间一起直接进行大规模、长期的、计划性投资。主张在8个任务导向和4个社会基础重组的框架下,融合宏观政策工具和微观企业行动,动员所有政策手段,力图实现“国内投资、创新、国民收入”的良性循环,到2040年建立一个人人享受丰富生活的日本。然而,日本的新产业政策面临着创新发展困境、经营模式转型困境、经济安全保障两难选择困境、半导体复兴和数字转型困境等现实挑战,依然存在着诸多不确定性。Industrial policy has long been criticized and carried a"bad reputation".However,in recent years,it has miraculously made a comeback globally.Many developed countries or regions such as the United States,the United Kingdom,the European Union,and Japan have successively formulated new industrial policy plans on the grounds of enhancing national strategic competitiveness and addressing issues such as supply chain disruptions,geopolitical conflicts,and climate change.Mainstream economics has begun to pay great attention to the issue of industrial policy and has proposed various industrial development ideas and policy frameworks,such as"mission-oriented""technology and innovation""productivism"and"government creating markets".Stimulated by the global return of industrial policy,the Japanese government has introduced the"new axis of economic and industrial policy",emphasizing that solving socio-economic problems should serve as the growth engine.The government directly steps to the forefront and,together with the private sector,directly conducts large-scale,long-term and planned investments.It advocates that within the framework of eight mission-oriented goals and four social infrastructure restructurings,macro policy tools and micro-enterprise actions should be integrated,and all policy means should be mobilized to strive for a virtuous cycle of"domestic investment,innovation,and national income"and to build a Japan where everyone can enjoy a rich life by 2040.However,Japan's new industrial policy faces practical challenges such as the dilemma of innovative development,the dilemma of business model transformation,the dilemma of economic security choices,and the dilemmas of semiconductor revival and digital transformation,and there are still many uncertainties.

关 键 词：数字经济 新产业政策 产业政策回归 经济安全保障 任务导向 生产主义 创造市场 

分 类 号：F133.130[经济管理—世界经济]