日本半导体产业人才短缺问题:成因、对策及启示  

The Problem of Talent Shortage in Japan's Semiconductor Industry:Causes,Countermeasures and Implications

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作  者:张玉来 何骋 ZHANG Yulai;HE Cheng(Japan Institute,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin,300071,China)

机构地区:[1]南开大学日本研究院,天津300071

出  处:《现代日本经济》2025年第2期59-78,共20页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基  金:国家社科基金重大项目“日本近代化历史进程及影响研究”(24&ZD306)。

摘  要:以1995年日本劳动年龄人口数达峰为始,历经近30年的复杂演进之后,日本半导体产业人才短缺问题日趋严峻,堪称该产业发展的最大瓶颈。这一问题的形成,既有全球半导体产业竞争加剧等外因推动,也源于日本的少子老龄化、半导体产业衰退以及劳动力流动性弱等内因。当前,日本正从人才培养与人才引进两方面展开应对措施。其中,人才培养是重点,是以构建官产学一体化的半导体人才培养体系为目标;人才引进为补充,推出了优化签证政策、推动项目引才、打破就业壁垒等举措,急于扩充半导体人才库。当前,日本劳动市场整体流动性显著提高,半导体产业人才储量出现增长趋势,这将是扭转其半导体产业长期颓势的关键。不过,由于全球半导体人才竞争愈演愈烈,且日本相关政策也存在一些隐患,导致其半导体产业振兴前景仍面临不确定性。Starting from 1995 when the number of working-age population in Japan reached its peak,after nearly three decades of complex evolution,the problem of talent shortage in Japan's semiconductor industry has become increasingly severe and can be regarded as the biggest bottleneck in the development of this industry.The formation of this problem is driven by external factors such as the intensification of global semiconductor industry competition,and is also rooted in internal factors in Japan,including the declining birthrate and aging population,the decline of the semiconductor industry,and the weak labor mobility.Currently,Japan is taking countermeasures from two aspects:talent cultivation and talent introduction.Among them,talent cultivation is the focus,aiming at constructing an integrated semiconductor talent cultivation system involving the government,industry,and academia.Talent introduction serves as a remedial measure,with initiatives such as optimizing the visa policy,promoting talent attraction through projects,and breaking down employment barriers being introduced to urgently expand the semiconductor talent pool.Currently,the overall mobility of Japan's labor market has significantly increased,and the talent reserve in the semiconductor industry shows a growing trend,which will be the key to reversing the long-term decline of its semiconductor industry.However,due to the increasingly fierce global competition for semiconductor talents and some hidden dangers in Japan's relevant policies,the prospects for the revitalization of its semiconductor industry still face uncertainties.

关 键 词:日本经济 半导体产业 人才短缺 人才培养 人才引进 

分 类 号:F133.134.9[经济管理—世界经济]

 

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