俄罗斯渔业政策的变革、发展重点和对华出口前景  

Russia's Fisheries Policy:Transformation,Development Priorities and Export Prospects to China

作　　者：王若璇 柳德米拉·波波娃 Wang Ruoxuan;L.V.Popova

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学经济系 [2]俄罗斯圣彼得堡大学经济学系

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2025年第1期165-192,共28页Russian Studies

摘　　要：本文探讨以渔业综合体战略为核心的俄罗斯渔业政策的演进、发展重点以及对华出口前景。20世纪90年代前后,俄罗斯渔业历经了衰落期和上升期。发展渔业综合体是俄罗斯经济政策的优先事项之一,自实施以来,有效促进了本国渔业的恢复和发展。俄罗斯渔业综合体是全面、综合的战略体系,以保障粮食安全、实施进口替代、发展深加工和创新、并维持本国在该领域多个方面的世界领先地位为目标。目前,俄罗斯在水生生物资源开采和出口等方面已跻身世界前列,水产品自给程度显著提升,深加工和水产养殖业稳步发展。俄罗斯渔业发展的困境在于制裁、国内渔船老化和投资不足。投资不足限制了俄罗斯国产渔船制造升级、水产加工能力提升和港口现代化,而制裁加大了其发展进口替代的难度。中国是俄罗斯水产品最重要且最有潜力的出口市场,俄罗斯对华出口以初级水产品为主。随着渔业综合体战略的持续落实,俄罗斯对华出口深加工水产品的份额将不断增加,中国可充分发挥自身在加工、技术和基础设施建设等方面的优势,进一步扩展合作的深度和广度。This paper explores the evolution of Russia's fisheries policy centered on an integrated fisheries complex strategy,its development priorities,and export prospects to China.In the 1990s,Russia's fisheries experienced periods of decline and resurgence.Developing an integrated fisheries complex has been one of the priorities of Russia's economic policy,and its implementation has effectively promoted the recovery and development of its domestic fisheries.This integrated fisheries complex is a comprehensive and holistic strategic system aimed at ensuring food security,implementing import substitution,advancing deep processing and innovation,and maintaining Russia's world-leading position in various aspects of the field.Currently,Russia ranks among the world leaders in the exploitation and export of aquatic biological resources,with significant improvements in the self-sufficiency of aquatic products and steady progress in deep processing and aquaculture.However,challenges in Russia's fisheries development include sanctions,an aging domestic fishing fleet,and insufficient investment.The lack of investment has constrained the upgrading of domestic fishing vessel manufacturing,the enhancement of aquatic product processing capacity,and the modernization of ports,while sanctions have increased the difficulties in pursuing import substitution.China is Russia's most important and promising export market for aquatic products,with exports to China primarily consisting of primary aquatic products.With the continuous implementation of the integrated fisheries complex strategy,the share of deep-processed aquatic products in Russia's exports to China is expected to steadily increase.China can leverage its advantages in processing,technology,and infrastructure construction to further expand the depth and breadth of this cooperation.

关 键 词：俄罗斯渔业政策 渔业综合体 中俄水产品贸易 进口替代 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]