油茶饼粕制备生物有机肥的研发及在辣椒上的应用效果研究  

Effect of bioorganic fertilizer with oil-tea cake on hot pepper

作　　者：朱佳敏 吴柳燕 赵玉雪 杨霞 苏丽 ZHUJiamin;WU Liuyan;ZHAO Yuxue;YANG Xia;SU Li(Guizhou Walnut Research Institute,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China;Agricultural Extension Technology Center of Qianxinan Prefecture,Xingyi 562400,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省核桃研究所,贵州贵阳550005 [2]黔西南州农业推广技术中心,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2025年第1期55-62,共8页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省林业局青年人才基金“利用油茶饼粕制备有机肥主要技术研究”(黔林科合J字〔2021〕02号)。

摘　　要：采用冷榨后的油茶饼粕、单螺杆榨油机产生的油茶饼粕和超临界产生的油茶饼粕,辅以米糠和菌棒,设置不同的堆肥配比,用生物菌肥发酵剂进行堆肥试验,测定发酵好的养分情况和各项安全指标,并分别添加3种微生物功能菌枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌和复合微生物菌剂,制备成符合国家标准的生物有机肥并施用在盆栽辣椒上。结果表明:A1b(50%低温冷榨的油茶饼粕+25%菌棒+25%米糠+生物菌肥发酵剂+哈茨木霉菌)对辣椒地径和单果重量影响较大;A1c(50%低温冷榨的油茶饼粕+25%菌棒+25%米糠+生物菌肥发酵剂+复合微生物菌剂)和A2c(70%单螺杆的油茶饼粕+15%菌棒+15%米糠+生物菌肥发酵剂+复合微生物菌剂)对辣椒果实个数、果实宽、果实长、单株产量等均影响较大,皆优于菜籽饼肥的处理。Here bioorganic fertilizer that prepared from the oil-tea cake meal was applied on the hot pepper.Firstly,the oil-tea cake meal was produced by single screw press,supercritical and supplemented with rice bran and mushroom sticks.Different compost ratios were set in the cold-pressed oil-tea cake meal.A composting test was then carried out with biofertilizer fermenter.Some measurement was also conducted to determine the nutrients of the fermentation and various safety indicators.Three microbial functional bacteria(Bacillus subtilis,Mycobacterium khaci,and composite microbial fungi)were added to prepare the bioorganic fertilizer.Finally,the optimal bioorganic fertilizer was obtained to apply into the potted peppers.The results showed that:A1b(50%low-temperature cold-pressed oil-tea cake meal+25%fungal rods+25%rice bran+biofertilizer+Mycobacterium hartzii)shared the greater effect on the diameter and weight of single fruit of chili peppers;A1c(50%low-temperature cold-pressed oil tea cake meal+25%fungal rods+25%rice bran+biofertilizer+composite microbial fungi)and A2c(70%of the single-screw oil-tea cake meal+15%fungal rods+15%rice bran+composite microbial fungi.+15%rice bran+biofungus fertilizer fermenter+compound microbial agent)shared the greater effect on the number of fruits,fruit width,fruit length,and yield per plant of chili peppers,all of which were better than the treatment of rapeseed cake fertilizer.

关 键 词：冷榨油茶饼粕 单螺杆油茶饼粕 超临界油茶饼粕 生物有机肥 辣椒 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S723.7[农业科学—园艺学]