某院艾滋病患者所发生药物不良反应的临床特征分析  

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Adverse Drug Reactions in AIDS Patients at a Hospital

作　　者：徐君岚 张蕾[1] XU Jun-lan;ZHANG Lei(Pharmacy Department,Anhui Provincial Hospital Infection District(Hefei Infectious Disease Hospital),Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省立医院感染病院(合肥市传染病医院)药剂科,合肥230000

出　　处：《抗感染药学》2024年第12期1220-1225,共6页Anti-infection Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的:分析医院艾滋病患者所发生药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的临床特点,为临床艾滋病患者的用药安全提供参考。方法:选取2019—2022年安徽省立医院感染病院上报国家药品不良反应监测中心的100例艾滋病患者的ADRs报告作为研究资料,采集患者的年龄、性别,ADRs所涉药物的名称、给药方式和用药原因,以及ADRs的发生时间、临床表现、严重程度和临床转归等信息,分析艾滋病患者所发生ADRs的临床特点。结果:100例ADRs报告中,男性患者明显多于女性(90例vs 10例),而在年龄上以40~<60岁者居多(54例,占54.00%);ADRs的发生时间以用药后3 d内为最多(49例,占49.00%),其次为用药后的>3~10 d(33例,占33.00%);ADRs所涉药物的给药途径以静脉滴注(49例,占49.00%)和口服(34例,占34.00%)为主;ADRs所涉药物以抗细菌药物为最多(47例,占47.00%),其次为抗病毒药物(17例,占17.00%)和抗真菌药物(11例,占11.00%);ADRs大多累及消化系统(40例,占40.00%)和神经系统(23例,占23.00%),其次为血液系统(15例,占15.00%)和皮肤及其附件(12例,占12.00%);100例ADRs中,严重程度为“一般”的有98例,而“严重”的仅2例;最终,74例患者好转,未好转的则有24例,另有1例不详。结论:抗感染药物是艾滋病患者发生的ADRs的主要药物种类,对此临床应加强相关药物的宣教和用药监护,以保障患者的用药安全。Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in AIDS patients at a hospital,and provide reference for clinical medication safety of AIDS patients.Methods:ADR reports of 100 AIDS patients submitted from Anhui Provincial Hospital Infection District to the National Center for ADR Monitoring,China from 2019 to 2022 were selected as the research data.Information such as patient age,gender,drug name involved in ADRs,administration route,reason for drug use,occurrence time of ADR,clinical manifestation,severity,and clinical outcomes was collected to analyze the clinical characteristics of ADRs in AIDS patients.Results:Among 100 ADR reports,male patients were significantly more than female patients(90 cases vs.10 cases),and the age group most affected was 40 to 59 years(54 cases,54.00%).The majority of ADRs occurred within 3 days after medication(49 cases,49.00%),followed by those occurred between 3 to 10 days after medication(33 cases,33.00%).The administration route of drugs involved in ADRs were primarily intravenous infusion(49 cases,49.00%)and oral administration(34 cases,34.00%).The most drugs involved in ADRs were antibacterial drugs(47 cases,47.00%),followed by antiviral drugs(17 cases,17.00%)and antifungal drugs(11 cases,11.00%).ADRs predominantly affected the digestive system(40 cases,40.00%)and the nervous system(23 cases,23.00%),followed by the hematologic system(15 cases,15.00%)and the skin and appendages(12 cases,12.00%).Among 100 ADRs,98 cases were of"moderate"severity,while only 2 cases were classified as"severe".Among the patients,74 recovered,24 did not improve,and 1 case had an unclear outcome.Conclusion:Anti-infective drugs are the main drug type of ADRs in AIDS patients.Therefore,propaganda and education and medication monitoring of relevant drugs should be strengthened in clinical practice to ensure the medication safety of patients.

关 键 词：药物不良反应 艾滋病 临床特点 

分 类 号：R961[医药卫生—药理学] R512.91[医药卫生—药学]