不同品种水蛭中无机元素的测定及统计分析  

Determination of inorganic elements in different species of Hirudos

作　　者：茹意 张美皖 张玲[1] 薛璇[1] RU Yi;ZHANG Mei-wan;ZHANG Ling;XUE Xuan(Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学,合肥230012

出　　处：《中南药学》2025年第2期507-513,共7页Central South Pharmacy

基　　金：安徽中医药大学人才支持计划项目(No.2023rcyb029);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(No.2023AH050737)。

摘　　要：目的测定药典收载的3种水蛭(柳叶蚂蟥、蚂蟥、水蛭)和菲牛蛭中36种无机元素,探究不同品种水蛭多元素分布特征、差异性,并进行质量评估。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法(ICP-OES)法测定水蛭药材中36种无机元素含量。运用Origin 2023软件、TBtools软件和SIMCA 14.1软件对水蛭药材中无机元素进行统计分析。结果4个品种中6种常量元素平均含量(mg·kg^(-1)):Na>K>P>S>Ca>Mg,11种必需微量元素平均含量(mg·kg^(-1)):Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Se>Ni>Cr>I>Co>V>Mo,19种非必需微量元素平均含量(mg·kg^(-1)):Pb>Al>Ba>Br>Sr>Ti>As>Rb>Sb>Li>Cd>Bi>Y>Sc>Hg>Cs>Be>Tl>Ge。菲牛蛭中Fe含量显著高于柳叶蚂蟥、蚂蟥和水蛭,但柳叶蚂蟥、蚂蟥和水蛭中80%以上的元素含量高于菲牛蛭。结论不同品种水蛭的无机元素分布特征存在差异,可以在一定程度上区分4种水蛭,菲牛蛭和其他3种水蛭元素分布差异性较大,柳叶蚂蟥和蚂蟥元素分布特征较为相似。从元素分析结果看,菲牛蛭不能作为药用水蛭的替代品种。Objective To determine 36 inorganic elements in 3 Hirudos(Whitmania acranulata Whitman,Whitmania pigra Whitman,and Hirudo nipponica Whitman)and Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson,to characterize the multi-element distribution and difference in varieties of Hirudos,and evaluate the quality.Methods The content of 36 inorganic elements in the Hirudo was determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES.Origin 2023,TBtool,and SIMCA 14.1 were used to analyze the inorganic elements in the Hirudo.Results Among the average content of 6 major elements(mg·kg^(-1)),Na had the highest content,followed by K,P,S,Ca and Mg;among the average content of 11 essential trace elements(mg·kg^(-1)),Fe had the highest content,followed by Zn,Mn,Cu,Se,Ni,Cr,I,Co,V and Mo;among the average content of 19 non-essential trace elements(mg·kg^(-1)),Pb had the highest content,followed by Al,Ba,Br,Sr,Ti,As,Rb,Sb,Li,Cd,Bi,Y,Sc,Hg,Cs,Be,Tl and Ge.The content of Fe in Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson was much higher than that in Whitmania acranulata Whitman,Whitmania pigra Whitman and Hirudo nipponica Whitman,but more than 80%of the above elements in Whitmania acranulata Whitman,Whitmania pigra Whitman and Hirudo nipponica were higher than those in Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson.Conclusion The distribution characteristics of inorganic elements in different Hirudos vary.The 4 Hirudos can be distinguished to a certain extent.The elements in Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson and other 3 Hirudos also vary,but the characteristics of elements in Whitmania acranulata Whitman and Whitmania pigra Whitman are similar.From element analysis,Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson may not be used as an alternative species of medicinal Hirudo.

关 键 词：水蛭 无机元素 分布特征 电感耦合等离子体-质谱法 电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]