黑龙江省优质粳稻在云南省植烟区轮作模式下的生态适应性研究  

Study on the Ecological Adaptability of High-quality Japonica Rice from Heilongjiang Province in Rotation Mode of Tobacco Production Area in Yunnan Province

作　　者：崔士泽 吴迪[2] 杨贤莉 陈华[2] 杨传铭 王立志[1,3,4] 王洋洋 李江舟 尹丽云 姜树坤 张喜娟 CUI Shize;WU Di;YANG Xianli;CHEN Hua;YANG Chuanming;WANG Lizhi;WANG Yangyang;LI Jiangzhou;YIN Liyun;JIANG Shukun;ZHANG Xijuan(Crop Cultivation and Tillage Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Cold Damage,Harbin 150086,China;Yuxi Branch,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China;Yunnan Weather Modification Center,Kunming 650034,China;Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]黑龙江省寒地作物生理生态重点实验室,哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150086 [5]云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司,玉溪653100 [6]云南省人工影响天气中心,昆明650034 [7]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《中国稻米》2025年第2期64-69,75,共7页China Rice

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金(JQ2023C009);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程重点项目(CX23GG12);云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司科技计划项目(yxyc2023028)。

摘　　要：烟-豆-稻轮作是优化植烟区土壤结构、减轻病虫害、提升烟叶品质的重要技术措施之一。为了丰富适宜云南玉溪植烟区烟-豆-稻轮作模式下的优质水稻品种资源,本研究探讨了将黑龙江的优质早熟粳稻品种引入玉溪植烟区的可行性。以寒地优质粳稻品种龙稻18、龙稻21、松粳9、松粳22为试验材料,于2023年分别在云南省玉溪市和黑龙江省哈尔滨市开展大田对比试验。结果显示,在光热资源方面,云南玉溪与黑龙江哈尔滨在水稻生长季(5—9月)的活动积温分别为3344.5℃和3076.4℃,平均温度分别为21.9℃和20.1℃,日较差分别为9.3℃和10.6℃,日照时数分别为737.0 h和1226.6 h。在生长发育方面,龙稻18、龙稻21、松粳9和松粳22在玉溪的移栽-成熟天数相较在哈尔滨分别缩短6 d、4 d、5 d和4 d。其中,移栽-分蘖期的天数分别缩短13 d、12 d、12 d和11 d;分蘖-始穗期的天数分别缩短14 d、13 d、14 d和18 d;始穗至齐穗期的天数分别增加6 d、3 d、4 d和3 d;齐穗-成熟期的天数分别增加15 d、18 d、17 d和22 d。在产量方面,龙稻21和松粳22在玉溪的实测产量比在哈尔滨分别增加2.82%和9.04%,而龙稻18和松粳9的实测产量则分别减少4.89%和6.55%。除松粳22外,其他品种在两地间的产量差异未达到显著水平。进一步分析各品种的产量构成因子发现,单位面积穗数有所增加,但多数品种的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重呈下降趋势。单位面积粒数(即单位面积穗数×每穗粒数)被证实是影响产量变化的关键因素。在品质性状方面,各品种的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、食味值和直链淀粉含量均不同程度下降,而蛋白质含量普遍增加;垩白粒率和垩白度的变化无明显规律。综上所述,云南玉溪在水稻生长季具备与黑龙江哈尔滨相似的光热资源,黑龙江水稻品种引种至玉溪种植,能够有效缩短移栽至成熟的周期,从而更好地适�Tobacco-faba bean-rice rotation is one of the important technical measures for optimizing soil structure,reducing pest and disease incidence,and improving the quality of tobacco leaves in tobacco-growing areas.To enrich the resource of high-quality rice varieties suitable for the tobacco-faba bean-rice rotation in Yuxi,Yunnan,this study explored the feasibility of introducing high-quality early-maturing japonica rice varieties from Heilongjiang to the Yuxi tobacco-growing area.Using cold-region high-quality japonica rice varieties Longdao 18,Longdao 21,Songgeng 9 and Songgeng 22 as experimental materials,a field comparative trial was conducted in Yuxi City,Yunnan Province,and Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province in 2023.In terms of light and heat resources,the active accumulated temperature during the rice growing season(May to September)in Yuxi,Yunnan,and Harbin,Heilongjiang,was 3,344.5℃and 3,076.4℃,respectively,with average temperatures of 21.9℃and 20.1℃,daily temperature ranges of 9.3℃and 10.6℃,and sunshine hours of 737.0 h and 1,226.6 h,respectively.In terms of growth and development,the days from transplanting to maturity for Longdao 18,Longdao 21,Songgeng9 and Songgeng 22 in Yuxi were shortened by 6 d,4 d,5 d,and 4 d,respectively,compared to Harbin.Among them,the days from transplanting to tillering were shortened by 13 d,12 d,12 d,and 11 d,respectively;the days from tillering to initial heading were shortened by 14 d,13 d,14 d,and 18 d,respectively;the days from initial heading to full heading were increased by 6 d,3 d,4 d,and 3 d,respectively;and the days from full heading to maturity were increased by 15 d,18 d,17 d,and 22 d,respectively.In terms of yield,compared to Harbin,the actual yield of Longdao 21 and Songgeng 22 in Yuxi increased by 2.82%and 9.04%,respectively,while the actual yield of Longdao 18 and Songgeng 9 decreased by 4.89%and 6.55%,respectively.Except for Songgeng 22,the yield differences between the two locations for the other varieties did not reach a significant level.Further a

关 键 词：粳稻 烟-豆-稻轮作 植烟区 引种 生态适应性 黑龙江 云南 

分 类 号：S511.037[农业科学—作物学]