渭北旱塬地区6个玉米品种的农艺性状及粮饲兼用评价  

Evaluation on Agronomic Traits and Simultaneous Use of Grain and Feed Maize Varieties in the Weibei Arid Plateau Area

作　　者：贺飞扬 张体硕 侯全明 戴荣丞 沈鹏飞 温晓霞[1] HE Feiyang;ZHANG Tishuo;HOU Quanming;DAI Rongcheng;SHEN Pengfei;WEN Xiaoxia(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第3期405-414,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发基金(2021YFD1901102)。

摘　　要：针对渭北旱塬区降水不均匀,玉米产量不稳定问题,通过研究不同品种对春玉米农艺性状、光合生理特性、籽粒品质及产量指标的影响,旨在为渭北旱塬地区粮饲兼用型玉米推广和生产种植提供一定的理论依据。2022—2023年,在渭北旱塬区采用随机区组试验对‘郑单958’‘先玉335’‘陕单609’‘利禾1’‘辰诺501’‘陕单650’共计6个粮饲兼用型玉米品种进行适应性评价,利用主成分分析法(PCA)对其农艺性状、产量及营养成分等指标进行综合评价。研究结果表明:在农艺性状中,‘利禾1’的株高和茎粗显著高于其他品种,‘辰诺501’的鲜物质积累量最高,与其他品种不存在显著差异;在光合特性中,‘辰诺501’的净光合速率显著高于其他品种,且蒸腾速率相对较低;在籽粒品质中,‘利禾1’的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量表现优异,显著高于其他品种;产量上,‘辰诺501’的产量显著高于其他品种,‘利禾1’的经济系数最高;供试的6个玉米品种中,‘郑单958’光合因子得分较高,‘利禾1’和‘辰诺501’的品质因子得分最高(1.7467、1.1600),‘利禾1’的综合得分最高(0.45),‘陕单609’的综合得分最低(-0.73)。‘利禾1’和‘辰诺501’适宜在渭北旱塬地区用作粮饲兼用型品种推广种植。This study addresses the issues of uneven precipitation and unstable maize yield in the Weibei Arid Plateau by investigating the effects of different maize varieties on the agronomic traits,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,grain quality and yield indexes.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for extension,production and cultivation of maize varieties for both grain and feed use in the region.From 2022 to 2023,a randomized block experiment was conducted in the Weibei Arid Plateau to evaluate six maize varieties for both grain and feed use,including‘Zhengdan 958’‘Xianyu 335’‘Shandan 609’‘Lihe 1’‘Chennuo 501’and‘Shandan 650’.Their agronomic traits,yield and nutrients were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA).The results showed that among the agronomic traits,‘Lihe 1’exhibited significantly higher plant height and stem diameter compared to the other varieties.The fresh matter accumulation of‘Chennuo 501’was the highest,although it did not significantly differ from the other varieties.The net photosynthetic rate of‘Chennuo 501’was significantly higher than that of other varieties,and the transpiration rate was relatively low.Among the six maize varieties tested,‘Zhengdan 958’had a higher photosynthetic factor score,‘Lihe 1’and‘Chennuo 501’had the highest quality factor scores(1.7467 and 1.1600),‘Lihe 1’had the highest overall score(0.45),while‘Shandan 609’had the lowest overall score(-0.73).Therefore,‘Lihe 1’and‘Chennuo 501’are suitable maize varieties for both grain and feed use in the Weibei Arid Plateau.

关 键 词：粮饲兼用 农艺性状 产量 品质 品种 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]