不同化学试剂与摘心处理对2年生梨树苗木分枝特性的影响  

Effects of Different Chemical Reagents and Pinching Treatments on Branching Characteristics of Two-year-old Pear Seedlings

作　　者：徐金涛[1] 冀明辉 李龙飞[1] 高丽娟[1] 刘欢 郝宝锋[1] XU Jintao;JI Minghui;LI Longfei;GAO Lijuan;LIU Huan;HAO Baofeng(Changli Fruit Research Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changli Hebei 066600,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2025年第3期469-476,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7);河北省重点研发计划(21326308D-1-2);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024170406)。

摘　　要：为明确不同化学试剂与摘心处理对2年生梨树苗木分枝特性的影响,以‘晚玉梨/杜梨’2年生苗木为试材,采用普洛马林、6-BA、GA 4+7等3种化学试剂,以其不同浓度的单剂或复配剂在苗木生长的2个时期对其顶端新梢进行喷雾处理,或与羊毛脂配制成不同浓度的发枝素软膏对新梢芽体进行涂抹处理,待苗木停长后,对苗木高度、苗木粗度、分枝数量、分枝长度等生理指标进行统计分析,以筛选合适的试剂及其处理浓度与处理方式,为苗木圃内高效整形提供技术支撑。结果表明:6-BA、普洛马林分别以1000~1200 mg/kg喷雾处理对2年生梨树苗木均具有较好的促分枝效果,单株分枝数量在11条以上,辅以摘心处理能增强促分枝效果。单独的摘心处理、发枝素软膏涂抹芽体处理对新梢促分枝效果较差。于苗高70~80 cm、100~120 cm时分别对顶端20~30 cm新梢,采用1200 mg/kg的6-BA溶液叶面喷施并辅以摘心的处理方式是晚玉梨圃内整形的最佳选择,可以得到单株平均分枝数量15条,枝条空间分布均匀、枝干比较为合适、角度理想的带分枝苗木,因该浓度下辅以摘心处理增效不显著,也可不进行摘心,以节省人工。This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different chemical reagents and pinching treatments on the branching characteristics of two-year-old pear seedlings,using‘Pyrus bretschneideri cv.‘Wanyu’/Pyrus betulifolia Bunge’two-year-old seedlings as experimental materials.Seedlings were treated with three chemical reagents(promalin,6-BA,GA 4+7)at varying concentrations,applied as sprays to the new shoots at two growth stages,or mixed with lanolin to form branch-promoting ointments for bud application.After the cessation of seedling growth,physiological indicators,including seedling height,trunk diameter,number of branches,and branch length,were statistically analyzed to identify optimal reagents,treatment methods,and concentrations.The results showed that 6-BA and promalin at concentration of 1000-1200 mg/kg significantly promoted branching in two-year-old pear seedlings,achieving an average of over 11 branches per plant.Additionally,supplementary pinching treatments enhanced the branching-promoting effect,while single pinching treatments or ointment applications to apical buds produced less favorable results.Among treatments,spraying the apical shoots of seedlings measuring 70-80 cm and 100-120 cm in height with 6-BA at 1200 mg/kg was optimal for nursery shaping.This treatment resulted in an average of 15 branches per plant with uniform branch distribution,ideal spacing,and favorable branch angles.At this concentration,additional pinching did not significantly improve branching,suggesting that it could be omitted to reduce labor labor.

关 键 词：6-BA 普洛马林 摘心 苗木 分枝 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]