微重力环境下超冷原子物理研究  

Research on Ultracold Atom Physics in Microgravity

作　　者：李琳[1] 汪斌[1] 周小计 陈徐宗 李唐[1] 刘亮[1] LI Lin;WANG Bin;ZHOU Xiaoji;CHEN Xuzong;LI Tang;LIU Liang(Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800;School of Electronics,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空天激光技术与系统部,上海201800 [2]北京大学电子学院,北京100871

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2025年第1期29-55,共27页Chinese Journal of Space Science

基　　金：中国载人航天工程空间应用系统项目资助。

摘　　要：中国空间站的发展和建成为微重力环境下超冷原子物理的研究及其应用提供了必要的实验条件.2022年10月31日,中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所联合北京大学研制的中国空间站超冷原子物理实验柜(简称超冷柜)搭载梦天实验舱进入中国空间站.超冷柜的主要目标是在中国空间站建成以87Rb玻色–爱因斯坦凝聚(Bose-Einstein Condensate,BEC)为工作物质的超冷原子物理实验平台,基于微重力环境优势利用两级交叉光束冷却(Two-Stage Crossed Beams Cooling,TSCBC)的实验方案获得皮-开尔文(picoKelvin,pK)量级的超冷原子,在微重力环境下通过调控以及观察极低温超冷原子以发现新奇的物理现象.本文介绍了BEC的实现和深度冷却实验方案,以及微重力环境下超冷原子物理研究与应用领域所取得的一系列进展;详细介绍了超冷柜的设计方案以及地面验证实验.到目前为止,超冷柜按照预期持续开展微重力环境下的超冷原子物理研究,在轨连续运行时间超过2年,取得了初步的实验结果,实现了超冷柜作为微重力环境下超冷原子物理实验平台的主要目标.The China Space Station(CSS)provides an ideal experimental platform for researching and applying ultracold atoms in microgravity.On 31 October 2022,the Cold Atom Physics Research Rack(CAPR)was launched to the CSS together with the Mengtian lab module,designed by the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(SIOM)and Peking University.The main goal of the CAPR is to build an ultracold atomic physics experiment platform using 87Rb Bose Einstein Condensate(BEC)in the CSS.In microgravity,ultracold atoms can be cooled to picokelvin(pK)via Two-Stage Crossed Beams Cooling(TSCBC),which is three orders of magnitude lower than on earth and can inspire the novel physical phenomena.The preparation of the BEC and the deep cooling are introduced in this paper,as well as a series of advancements in ultracold atoms in microgravity.The CAPR is an experimental platform that relies on evaporative cooling in a crossed optical dipole trap.Furthermore,the CAPR’s design scheme and ground verification experiment are also introduced.So far,the CAPR has continued to conduct research on ultracold atoms in microgravity,with more than two years of uninterrupted operation in orbit.Up to now,preliminary experimental results have been achieved,realizing the primary purpose of the CAPR.

关 键 词：玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 超冷原子 中国空间站 微重力环境 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]