试论西晋墓志的演变线索  

Discussion on the Evolutionary Clue of the Epigraphs during the Western Jin

作　　者：刘文转 Liu Wenzhuan

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《文物季刊》2025年第1期88-100,共13页Journal of Chinese Antiquity

摘　　要：学界往往将西晋墓志的起源与魏晋碑禁相联系,但西晋墓志实际上存在着多种类型、多元来源,碑禁促成的碑形墓志仅是西晋墓志发展演变过程中的诸多线索之一。本文对西晋墓志进行类型学分析,指出西晋墓志存在以砖形墓志,穹窿形志首、自题为“柩”的墓志,模仿墓碑形式的碑形墓志为代表的三条发展线索,制作的直接原因是墓主葬地离开家族旧墓,墓志起到引导墓主灵魂归依的作用,而西晋晚期墓志受墓碑影响,功能转变为“志人”。Most of the researchers tend to attribute the origin of epigraphs of Western Jin Dynasty to the prohibitions of setting up inscribed tombstones of Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasties.However,the epigraphs of Western Jin Dynasty actually exist in various forms and have multiple sources.The tombstoneshaped epigraph which was relevant to the prohibitions only represents one of the many evolution clues of the epigraphs of Western Jin Dynasty.This article presents a typological analysis of the epigraphs of Western Jin Dynasty,and points out that there are three evolution clues respectively featuring the brickshaped epigraphs,the dome-shaped head epigraphs self-named“jiu(柩)”and the tombstone-shaped epigraphs.The direct purpose of the making of epigraphs is to guide the soul of the dead to settle in the new tomb since the burial place of the tomb owner is separated from the old family cemetery.However,in the late Western Jin Dynasty,under the influence of the inscribed tombstones,the function of the epigraphs gradually changes to record the dead’s life.

关 键 词：西晋墓志 魏晋碑禁 碑形墓志 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]