从红胎釉陶到白胎釉陶——北朝晚期邺城、晋阳釉陶的发展方向  

From Glazed Pottery with Red Body to Glazed Pottery with White Body——development of glazed pottery from Yechang to Jinyang during the Late Northern Dynasties

作　　者：任志录 Ren Zhilu

机构地区：[1]深圳市文物考古鉴定所

出　　处：《文物季刊》2025年第1期101-112,共12页Journal of Chinese Antiquity

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“隋唐宋元制瓷业综合研究”(项目编号:24AZD046)研究成果。

摘　　要：北朝晚期出现了一种白釉泛青、黄的釉陶,在以往的考古报告中,有称为瓷器者,有称为釉陶者,或称青瓷,或称白瓷,认知极为模糊,同时也就误判了北方青瓷与白瓷的起源问题。近年来,对于釉陶在北方存在的持续性、地域性都逐渐明晰,对魏晋南北朝釉陶的发展认识越加丰满,从而进一步认识到,从东魏到北齐,红胎酱褐釉逐渐退出,白胎釉陶增多并取代红胎釉陶。白胎釉陶是在红胎釉陶基础上的进步,表现为一种白胎青釉,器物类型和釉色是对南朝青瓷的仿制。白胎青釉的提高和改善最终导致北方青瓷出现。白胎白釉导致白瓷出现,白地加彩是白胎釉陶装饰复杂化的结果,最终导致隋唐北方陶瓷的繁荣。红胎釉陶到白胎釉陶的发展蜕变是从鲜卑文化走向汉化,是鲜卑化和汉文化融合的结果。During the late Northern Dynasties,there was a kind of glazed potteries with colors of blue or yellow.Because its concept was unclear that it was named as porcelain,glazed pottery,celadon,or white porcelain in the previous archaeological reports.Hence the origins of celadon and white porcelain in the north had also been misjudged.In recent years,the study of such glazed potteries during the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties have got an important achievements,such as their persistently using and regional features.These glazed potteries with brown color on red body gradually withdrew and the glazed pottery with white body increased.The latter eventually took the place of the former from Eastern Wei to Northern Qi.The latter is a technical development on the basis of the former ones.It showed as the white body with yellow,brown glazed and its type and color probably borrowed from the celadon in the South.Blue glazed pottery with white body led to the arising of celadon in the Northern Dynasties and the white glazed pottery on white body became the white porcelain.The white body decorated with colored layer are complicated result of glazed pottery with white body,which eventually led to the prosperity of northern ceramics in the Sui and Tang dynasties.The development from the glazed pottery with red body to the one with white body are a transition from Xianbei to Hua-xia culture,which is a result of the cultural integration.

关 键 词：邺城与晋阳 红胎釉陶 白胎釉陶 唐三彩 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]