环境监测数据造假行为的刑法定性  

Criminal Qualification of Environmental Monitoring Data Fraud

作　　者：方正 FANG Zheng(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期50-58,共9页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神专项课题“完善生成式人工智能治理的规制路径”(2024VQH031)。

摘　　要：我国环境监测数据造假行为屡禁不止。其中,环境监测数据造假行为的罪名定性、犯罪预防等问题亟待探微。溯查该违法行为之成因,包括法律规范的零散与监管体系的虚置、行政主体与商事主体双方的“逐利性”、行政处罚的羸弱与刑事处罚的不畅三个方面原因。而其行为样态可分为修改环境监测系统数据型与干扰环境监测设备采样型。当前,学界对此行为的刑法定性存在以污染环境罪与破坏计算机信息系统罪进行规制的两种观点,司法解释同样未对该行为的罪名认定作出合理说明。因此,应对该违法行为的两种行为样态分情形以破坏计算机信息系统罪、污染环境罪等罪名进行定性。并尝试在环境监测数据造假行为中前移污染环境罪的入罪标准,并通过加强行政监督、社会监督的方式完善监管体系。The issue of environmental monitoring data fraud persists in China despite repeated prohibitions.There is an urgent need to explore the criminal characterization of such fraudulent behavior and its prevention.The causes of this illegal activity can be traced back to three main factors:the fragmentation of legal norms and the ineffective regulatory system,the profit-seeking behavior of both administrative and commercial entities,the weakness of administrative penalties,coupled with the ineffectiveness of criminal sanctions.The behavior patterns can be categorized into two types:modification of environmental monitoring system data and interference with environmental monitoring equipment sampling.Currently,there are two viewpoints in academia regarding the criminal characterization of this behavior:one classifies it under the crime of environmental pollution,while the other considers it as the crime of damaging computer information systems.Judicial interpretations have not provided reasonable explanations for the qualification of this behavior.Therefore,it is suggested that the two behavioral patterns be qualifies under the crimes of damaging computer information systems and environmental pollution,respectively.Additionally,there should be an attempt to lower the threshold for the crime of environmental pollution in cases of environmental monitoring data fraud,along with strengthening administrative and social supervision to improve the regulatory system.

关 键 词：环境监测数据造假行为 破坏计算机信息系统罪 污染环境罪 定性 行为犯 

分 类 号：D924-11[政治法律—刑法学]