基于小型光学望远镜的低轨卫星监测技术  

Low Earth Orbit Satellite Monitoring Technology Based on Small Optical Telescopes

作　　者：张梦瑶 杨原 陈智兴 李亚亚 陈少杰 佟帅 李崇辉 ZHANG Mengyao;YANG Yuan;CHEN Zhixing;LI Yaya;CHEN Shaojie;TONG Shuai;LI Chonghui(School of Geospatial Information,Information Engineering University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Beijing Creatunion Parallel Space Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101111,China;Key Laboratory of Smart Earth,Beijing 100094,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of BDS Navigation Application Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,河南郑州450001 [2]北京开运平行空间技术有限公司,北京101111 [3]智慧地球重点实验室,北京100094 [4]北斗导航应用技术河南省协同创新中心,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《无线电工程》2025年第3期572-579,共8页Radio Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42374011);河南省优秀青年基金(242300421150)。

摘　　要：随着空间技术的快速发展,以星链为代表的低轨卫星数量呈爆炸式增长,对空间安全造成了巨大影响;低轨卫星具备空间在轨攻击、机动侦察干扰和高精度对地攻击的潜力,急需对其进行有效监测。传统光学监测手段采用的大型望远镜存在体积大、造价高、数量少、位置固定的缺陷,难以满足大批量、高灵活性监测需求,小型望远镜则兼具数量多、成本低、易于灵活部署的优势。提出一种基于小型望远镜的低轨卫星监测方法,利用双行轨道根数(Two Line Elements,TLE)预测低轨卫星的方位角和高度角,通过小型望远镜对低轨卫星和恒星进行成像后,利用改进的形态学击中击不中变换(Hit-Miss Transform,HMT)检测算法和拖尾星点提取算子分别提取卫星和恒星目标,根据卫星星点与恒星星点的几何关系得到低轨卫星的赤经赤纬数据。实验表明,基于小型望远镜系统能有效实现非合作低轨卫星监测,外符合精度优于3″,可满足对低轨目标的监测要求。With the rapid development of space technology,the number of low-orbit satellites,with Starlink as the typical example,is growing explosively,which has a great impact on space security.At the same time,low-orbit satellites have the potential for on-orbit space attacks,mobile reconnaissance interference and high-precision attacks to the ground,for which effective monitoring is necessary.Traditional optical monitoring means using large telescopes have the defects of large size,high cost,small number and fixed position,which cannot meet the demand for high-volume and high-flexibility monitoring,while small telescopes have the advantages of large number,low cost,and deployment flexibility.A small telescope-based LEO satellite monitoring method is proposed,which utilizes the Two Line Elements(TLE)to predict the azimuth and altitude angles of LEO satellites,and after imaging the LEO satellites and stars through small telescopes,the satellite and star targets are extracted respectively by using the improved morphology Hit-Miss Transform(HMT)detection algorithm and the trailing star extraction operator,and finally,the right ascension and declination data of LEO satellites are obtained based on the geometric relationship between satellite and star spots.The experiment shows that the small telescope-based system can effectively realize non-cooperative low-orbit satellite monitoring,and the conformity accuracy is better than 3″,which can meet the monitoring requirements for low-orbit targets.

关 键 词：空间目标监测 小型望远镜 低轨卫星 星点提取 星图识别 

分 类 号：P24[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]