2015−2023年江西省PM_(2.5)和O_(3)污染时空特征及其与气象要素的关系分析  

Spatiotemporal Features of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)Pollution from 2015 to 2023 and Their Correlation with Meteorological Factors in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：姜磊 刘懿枢 杨元建 JIANG Lei;LIU Yishu;YANG Yuanjian(Jiangxi Yingtan Meteorological Bureau,Yingtan 335000,China;Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省鹰潭市气象局,江西鹰潭335000 [2]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第3期460-472,共13页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.42222503);江西省气象科研所改革专项(No.JX2023M14);吉安实验室重点项目(No.2020JEM102)。

摘　　要：为深入探究江西省PM_(2.5)和O_(3)污染特征及其与气象要素之间的关系,采用时间序列分析、分类统计和相关性分析等方法,对全省11个设区市2015−2023年的空气污染物与气象数据进行研究,旨在为江西省PM_(2.5)和O_(3)复合污染治理工作提供科学支撑。结果表明:①目前江西省的主要空气污染物已转变为PM_(2.5)和O_(3)。2015−2023年期间,江西省PM_(2.5)年均浓度先升后降,月变化呈“U”型,季节性变化表现为夏季<春季<秋季<冬季;O_(3)浓度呈波动上升趋势,月变化呈“M”型,季节性变化表现为冬季<夏季<春季<秋季;PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染日少,春季和秋季多发,主要集中在2015−2016年。PM_(2.5)和O_(3)单污染以及复合污染日数高值区主要分布在赣西北地区,PM_(2.5)和O_(3)年均浓度高值区主要分布在赣北和赣中西部地区。②截至2023年,各设区市PM_(2.5)年评价值已连续3年低于35μg/m^(3),O_(3)的年评价值维持在100~160μg/m^(3)之间。2022年受异常气候影响O_(3)浓度显著上升。除鹰潭市与抚州市之外的其他地区O_(3)各百分位浓度呈上升趋势。③PM_(2.5)浓度不高于35μg/m^(3)时,与O_(3)浓度呈正相关;处于35~75μg/m^(3)时,二者相关性减弱至负相关。④平均气温、降雨量、相对湿度和日照时长是影响江西省PM_(2.5)和O_(3)的主要气象因素。PM_(2.5)和O_(3)单污染以及复合污染分别多发于5~20、15~35、20~30℃区间内,也多发于相对湿度超过50%,或最大风速为2~3级时;降雨有助于降低PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度,长时间的日照有利于O_(3)的生成。研究显示,近年来江西省PM_(2.5)污染治理成效显著,但O_(3)污染形势严峻,且气象要素对空气污染的影响不容忽视。The article investigates the characteristics of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution and their association with meteorological factors in Jiangxi Province,utilizing time-series analysis,classification-statistical method,and correlation analysis techniques.A comprehensive analysis was conducted on air pollution and weather monitoring data from 11 prefecture-level cities in the province between 2015 and 2023,aiming to provide scientific support for managing PM_(2.5)-O_(3)co-pollution in Jiangxi Province.The results showed that:(1)At present,the primary pollutants in Jiangxi Province have shifted to PM_(2.5)and O_(3).From 2015 to 2023,the annual mean PM_(2.5)concentration exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline,with a U-shaped monthly variation and seasonal order of summer<spring<autumn<winter.In contrast,O_(3)concentrations showed a fluctuating upward trend,characterized by an M-shaped monthly pattern and seasonal order of winter<summer<spring<autumn.Overall,PM_(2.5)-O_(3)co-pollution days were infrequent,primarily occurring in spring and autumn,with most concentrated in 2015-2016.High-incidence areas for single and co-pollution days of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)were located in northwestern Jiangxi,while elevated annual mean concentrations of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in northern and central-western regions.(2)By 2023,all cities maintained PM_(2.5)annual averages below 35μg/m^(3)for three consecutive years,while annual O_(3)concentrations ranged between 100-160μg/m^(3).O_(3)concentrations surged significantly in 2022 due to abnormal climatic conditions.From 2015 to 2023,with the O_(3)percentile concentrations increasing across most areas,except Yingtan and Fuzhou.(3)PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations showed a positive correlation when PM_(2.5)concentrations below 35μg/m^(3),but transitioned to a negative correlation as PM_(2.5)concentrations increased to 35-75μg/m^(3).(4)The primary meteorological factors influencing air pollution in Jiangxi Province include average temperature,rainfall,relative humidity,and sunshine duration.The

关 键 词：空气污染 大气颗粒物 臭氧 气象要素 江西省 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]