甲烷排放对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究进展及启示  

The Impact of Methane on Ground-Level Ozone Pollution:Research Progress and Policy Implications

作　　者：王敏 杨儒浦 李丽平 WANG Min;YANG Rupu;LI Liping(Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第3期561-568,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.42107502)。

摘　　要：甲烷不仅是温室气体,还是近地面臭氧形成的重要前体物之一,通过与羟基自由基发生反应生成臭氧、改变大气氧化性以及吸收太阳辐射加剧全球气候变暖等方式直接或间接影响近地面的臭氧浓度。本文综述了甲烷排放对近地面臭氧污染的影响,并结合我国甲烷排放与臭氧污染的分布特征,探究了有关研究进展对我国的启示,结果表明:①甲烷是近地面臭氧浓度增加的重要因素之一,在人为源甲烷排放量处于0~4.30×10^(8)t/a之间时,近地面臭氧浓度对甲烷排放的响应大致呈线性关系。②甲烷对近地面臭氧背景浓度提升的贡献约50%,高于NO_(x)、NMVOCs、CO等其他大气污染物,减排50%人为源甲烷对臭氧的影响比减排等比例人为源NO_(x)更为显著,尤其是在NO_(x)饱和地区,臭氧浓度对甲烷排放的敏感性是全球平均水平的2倍。③大气中甲烷浓度增速加快,随着全球甲烷排放量持续增加,对近地面臭氧浓度的影响会越来越大。④我国甲烷排放与臭氧污染具有较强时空一致性,甲烷排放量增加能较好地解释部分地区人为源NO_(x)和NMVOCs污染物排放量下降但臭氧浓度上升的现象。鉴于此,提出如下建议:拓展臭氧污染治理思路和方式,将具有负成本或低成本减排效益的甲烷减排措施作为遏制臭氧污染的重要突破口,推动甲烷与臭氧协同治理;加强甲烷排放对近地面臭氧污染影响的相关研究,重点关注甲烷与NO_(x)、NMVOCs、CO等其他大气污染物减排的综合影响。Methane,a potent greenhouse gas,serves as a crucial precursor in tropospheric ozone formation,significantly influencing ground-level ozone concentrations through multiple pathways.These include ozone generation via hydroxyl radical(·OH)reactions,modulation of atmospheric oxidizing capacity,and solar radiation absorption,which together contribute to global warming.This review systematically examines methane′s impact on ground-level ozone pollution,integrating China-specific emission distribution characteristics and pollution patterns to elucidate the implications for national research and policy.Key findings reveal:(1)Methane substantially contributes to the increase in near-surface ozone concentration,showing an approximately linear response in the anthropogenic emission range of 0-4.30×10^(8) t/a.(2)Methane accounts for approximately 50%of the increase in near-surface ozone background concentrations,exceeding the impact of other atmospheric pollutants such as NO_(x),NMVOCs,CO.Notably,a 50%reduction in anthropogenic methane emissions has a greater effect on ozone mitigation than an equivalent reduction in NO_(x)emissions,particularly in NO_(x)-saturated regions,where ozone sensitivity to methane is twice the global average.(3)Accelerating growth rates of atmospheric methane concentrations suggest increasingly pronounced impacts on near-surface ozone as global emissions escalate.(4)In China,there is strong spatiotemporal consistency between methane emissions and ozone pollution,with increases in methane emissions effectively explaining the rise in ozone concentrations,despite decreases in NO_(x)and NMVOCs.Based on these findings,the following recommendations are proposed:Expand ozone pollution control strategies by incorporating methane mitigation measures,which offer negative or low-cost emission reduction benefits.Position methane control as a critical breakthrough in curbing ozone pollution and promote the co-governance of methane and ozone.Strengthen research on the impact of methane emissions on near-surf

关 键 词：甲烷 臭氧污染 协同治理 成本效益 

分 类 号：X323[环境科学与工程—环境工程]