几种土壤结构改良剂对重金属污染土壤养分有效性与酶活性的影响  

Effects of Several Soil Conditioners on Nutrient Availability and Enzyme Activity in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

作　　者：李平[1] 聂浩 郎漫[1] 施明杨 杨彬妍 罗小三[1] LI Ping;NIE Hao;LANG Man;SHI Mingyang;YANG Binyan;LUO Xiaosan(School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第3期599-609,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央土壤污染防治资金项目(新集采单[2021]1468)。

摘　　要：重金属污染是我国耕地面临的一个重要问题,土壤中重金属的有效性可能会对土壤养分状况产生潜在影响。为探究土壤结构改良剂对重金属污染土壤养分有效性与酶活性的影响,以铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)污染水稻土为对象,开展水稻盆栽试验,分析施用0.1%和0.4%(质量比)的聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和腐殖酸(HA)这4种土壤结构改良剂后土壤有机质、速效养分与酶活性的变化,并阐明其相互关系。结果表明:与不施土壤结构改良剂的对照(CK)处理相比,施用土壤结构改良剂处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了7.4%~22.7%、4.9%~68.9%、5.3%~20.7%和5.1%~108.5%,土壤结构改良剂施用量越高,各养分含量增幅越大。施用0.1%和0.4%的PAA后收获期水稻根中全磷含量较CK处理分别增加了78.8%和90.6%,其余处理水稻根中全氮、全磷和全钾含量则分别降低了11.6%~41.7%、26.4%~70.6%和18.3%~58.7%;施用4种土壤结构改良剂处理水稻秸秆全氮、全磷和全钾含量较CK处理分别增加了14.0%~87.1%、62.0%~524.2%和6.4%~31.9%;施用0.1%和0.4%的PAM后稻米全氮含量较CK处理分别降低了15.1%和12.2%,而施用PAA、PVA和HA后稻米全氮含量增加了6.1%~23.1%,施用4种土壤结构改良剂后稻米全磷和全钾含量较CK处理分别增加了7.3%~21.1%和2.4%~20.1%。施用4种土壤结构改良剂处理土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性较CK处理分别增加了17.8%~94.3%、18.5%~163.0%和2.0%~22.0%,施用PAA和HA后土壤脲酶活性较CK处理降低了3.3%~5.0%,而施用PAM和PVA处理土壤脲酶活性较CK处理增加了3.8%~71.0%。综上,施用土壤结构改良剂能够提高重金属污染土壤的养分有效性及蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,有利于土壤肥力和生产力的保持,研究结果可为重金属污染土壤治理修复过程中的养分管理提供科学依据。Heavy metal contamination is an important issue for cultivated land in China,as the presence of heavy metals in soil can potentially affect the status of soil nutrients.To investigate the effects of soil conditioners on the availability of nutrients and enzyme activities in heavy metals contaminated soil,a rice pot experiment was conducted using paddy soil contaminated by copper(Cu)and cadmium(Cd)after applying 0.1%and 0.4%(mass ratio)of four soil conditioners such as polyacrylic acid(PAA),polyacrylamide(PAM),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and humic acid(HA).The changes in organic matter,available nutrients,and enzyme activities were examined,and their interconnections were clarified.The results showed that the application of soil conditioners increased soil organic matter,alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium by 7.4%-22.7%,4.9%-68.9%,5.3%-20.7%,and 5.1%-108.5%,respectively,as compared to the control treatment(CK)without soil conditioner application.Higher application rates of soil conditioners resulted in greater increase in the nutrient contents.Application of 0.1%and 0.4%PAA increased the total phosphorus content in rice roots at the harvesting stage by 78.8%and 90.6%,respectively,while the total contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in rice roots in the other treatments decreased by 11.6%-41.7%,26.4%-70.6%,and 18.3%-58.7%,respectively,as compared to the CK treatment.The soil conditioner treatments increased nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium content in rice straw by 14.0%to 87.1%,62.0%to 524.2%,and 6.4%to 31.9%,respectively,as compared to the CK treatment.Conversely,the application of 0.1%and 0.4%PAM reduced the total nitrogen content in rice grain by 15.1%and 12.2%,respectively.In contrast,application of PAA,PVA,and HA increased the total nitrogen content in rice grain by 6.1%-23.1%,as compared to the CK treatment.The application of the four soil conditioners increased the total contents of phosphorus and potassium in rice grain by 7.3%-21.1%and 2.4%-20.1%,respectively,as comp

关 键 词：结构改良剂 重金属污染 养分有效性 酶活性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S156[农业科学—土壤学]