基于微震监测的自然崩落采矿法采场顶板崩落规律研究  

Study on roof caving laws in block caving mining stopes based on microseismic monitoring

作　　者：杨佳楠 张君 黄艳伟 刘芳芳 Yang Jianan;Zhang Jun;Huang Yanwei;Liu Fangfang(Changsha DIMINE Technology Co.,Ltd.;Changsha Smartmine Technology Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]长沙迪迈科技股份有限公司 [2]长沙施玛特迈科技有限公司

出　　处：《黄金》2025年第3期40-43,49,共5页Gold

基　　金：湖南省基金项目--2020年度安全生产预防及应急专项资金项目(2020YJ001)。

摘　　要：自然崩落采矿法开采过程中,顶板崩落情况直接影响矿山的安全生产。为了研究某矿山自然崩落采矿法开采过程中顶板的崩落规律,基于矿山微震监测数据,从微震事件的时空演化特征、能量指数与累积视体积关系曲线2方面进行分析。结果表明:在拉底爆破的影响下,受到扰动的范围主要为首采区中心拉底区域上层顶板;随着时间推移,拉底空间变大,岩体破裂在空间上逐渐向上发展,同时,岩体崩落高度逐渐降低;随着空间高度的增加,可能发生大尺度岩体破裂的时间逐渐推迟。研究结果可为后期顶板崩落预警工作提供理论基础。During block caving mining,roof caving directly impacts mine safety.To investigate the caving patterns of roofs in a mine employing block caving,this study analyzed microseismic monitoring data,focusing on 2 aspects namely the spatiotemporal evolution regularities,and correlation curve between energy indices and cumulative apparent volume of microseismic events.Results indicate that undercutting blasting primarily disturbed the upper roof above the initial mining area’s central undercut zone.As the undercutting area expanded over time,rock mass fractures propagated upwardspatially,while the height of rock mass cavinggradually decreased.Additionally,the timing of potential large‑scale rock mass fractures was progressively delayed with increasing spatial elevation.These findings provide a theoretical basis for early warning systems of future roof caving in similar mining operations.

关 键 词：自然崩落采矿法 微震监测 顶板崩落 爆破扰动 拉底爆破 岩体破裂 

分 类 号：TD853.364[矿业工程—金属矿开采]