中世纪权利观念体系的形成  

Formation of the Conceptual System of Rights in the Middle Ages

作　　者：陈岑 佟德志[1] CHEN Cen;TONG Dezhi

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2025年第1期103-119,227,228,共19页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“美式民主的理论悖论与实践困境”(21&ZD160)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：权利是西方政治文明的基础,从具体的权利形态视角对现代西方权利的中世纪起源进行分析对于理解西方权利尤为重要。中世纪权利观念是植根于中世纪语境的观念集合体,包括主体权利、财产权和生存权、抵抗权。主体权利的形成经历了从ius(权利、正义与法)到right(权利)的释义转换过程,是中世纪权利观念最具现代价值的核心。财产权和生存权是主体权利的两种主要形态。抵抗权是基于正义与法律至上原则、契约观念和自然权利观念的抵抗暴君的权利。这些权利共同构成中世纪权利观念体系,可以为挖掘中世纪作为现代西方权利起源的依据提供了一定参考。Rights are the foundation of Western political civilization,and the exploration of their origins is particularly important to the understanding of Western rights.The concept of medieval rights is a collection of ideas rooted in the medieval context,including subjective rights,property rights,and the rights of survival and resistance.The formation of subjective rights has undergone a process of interpretive transformation from ius to right,and is the core of the medieval conception of rights and closest to modern value.The right to property and the right to subsistence are the two main forms of the subjective right.The right of resistance is a right to resist a tyrant based on the principles of justice and supremacy of law,the concept of contract,and the concept of natural rights.These three kinds of rights together constitute the medieval conceptual system of rights,which provides some reference for digging out the medieval period as the basis for the origin of modern Western rights.

关 键 词：权利 主体权利 财产权 生存权 抵抗权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]